Bufonidae |  |
637 species in 52 genera
Commonly Called True Toads
Bufo bufo
Photo by Arie van der Meijden
(Click for family gallery)This is a large and complicated assemblage. The family Bufonidae is composed of 52 genera with a worldwide distribution, except for Australia. The only bufonid in Australia is the introduced Cane Toad (Rhinella marinus), which has become a pest and danger to local wildlife, due to its voracious appetite, large size, high fecundity, and high toxicity (it has pronounced negative effects on native Australian snakes).
This family includes the stereotypical "toad" with shortened forelimbs, hindlimbs used for walking or hopping, dry warty skin, and parotoid glands behind large eyes. Development in this group is quite varied; there are species that lay eggs in water and produce aquatic larvae, terrestrial direct developers, and the only known viviparous species of frogs, Nectophrynoides and Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis, which give birth to fully developed young toadlets.
Bufonids have potent skin toxins, some concentrated in the prominent parotoid gland behind the eyes, and can be fatal to predators when ingested. However, there is evidence for powerful potential pharmaceutical uses of these bufonid compounds, from both folk medicinal practices and in scientific research in cancer and pain treatment.
Some genera, like members of Atelopus, lack a tympanum and the middle ear column, making them "earless" but nonetheless sensitive to high frequency sounds (Womack et al 2018), leaving many questions about their physiology and evolution.
Some toad species are believed to be extinct, including the famous Golden Toad (Incilius periglenes) of Costa Rica, which was last documented in 1989. Other species listed as Extinct by IUCN include Atelopus longirostris and Atelopus vogli.
This specious group has been subject to many phylogenetic studies over the years, some taking a comprehensive anuran approach or others focusing on regional or specific clades in attempts to propose a supported monophyletic taxonomy for bufonids. However, the diversity of over 600 species of bufonids have been a challenge to find stable consensus.
News Highlights:February 15, 2021: The mystery of anuran middle ear loss has new insights! Most frogs have a tympanic membrane and middle ear column (the columella) that help them hear airborne sound. Despite being well known for their calls, many frogs and toads are “earless”, lacking the tympanic membrane and columella. The factors contributing to more than 38 evolutionary losses of the anuran ear remain unknown. Recently, Stynoski et al. 2020 raised and examined two earless toad species and two closely-related eared toad species. To their surprise, they found the middle ear column started to develop right on-time in both eared and earless species! However, in earless species, the middle ear column abruptly arrests development and remains either stagnant and very small or is completely resorbed. This means that the genetic and developmental mechanisms that initiate middle ear differentiation are intact in earless species but perhaps changes in timing or expression of biochemical pathways that regulate the extension or differentiation of the columella after metamorphosis underlie convergent trait loss among toad lineages. Earless frogs are helping biologists understand the evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of trait loss; this discovery of developmental ear remnants further shows that lost traits are often not lost entirely. Their findings join many other studies that have found developmental remnants of lost traits, recently reviewed by Sadier et al. 2021. Studying development reveals key insights into evolutionary processes and this is certainly the case with earless frogs. (DW)
Written by AmphibiaWebNotable Family Characteristics
- Occurs in a variety of habitats, from deserts to tropical rainforests
- Reproductive modes vary from egg-laying in water bodies which hatch into free-living tadpoles to direct development to ovoviparity to viviparity
- Some species display sexual dimorphism (such as larger females) or sexual dichromatism (such as more colorful males during breeding season)
- Characters shared within the family are: 1) Bidder's organ present; 2) teeth absent from upper and lower jaws; 3) constrictor posterior muscle absent; 4) depressor mandibulae muscle originating solely from the squamosal; 5) inguinal fat bodies present; 6) skull highly ossified (usually skin is ossified to the skull).
- Distribution is worldwide, except for Australia, Oceania, where the Marine Toad Rhinella marina have been introduced
Cartography Credit: Zoe Yoo, UC Berkeley
Range maps sources: AmphibiaWeb, UC Berkeley, and IUCN RedListRelevant Reference
Pough, F. H., R. M. Andrews, M. L. Crump, A. H. Savitzky, K. D. Wells, and M. C. Brandley. 2015. Herpetology. Fourth Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer.
Womack MC, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Coloma LA, Hoke KL. 2018. Sensitive high-frequency hearing in earless and partially eared harlequin frogs (Atelopus). J Exp Biol. 221(Pt 10):jeb169664. doi: 10.1242/jeb.169664.
Genus Adenomus (2 species)
Adenomus kandianus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Adenomus kelaartii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Altiphrynoides (2 species)
Altiphrynoides malcolmi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Altiphrynoides osgoodi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Amazophrynella (13 species)
Amazophrynella amazonicola no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella bilinguis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella bokermanni no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Amazophrynella gardai AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella javierbustamantei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella manaos no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Amazophrynella matses no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella minuta AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Amazophrynella moisesii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Amazophrynella siona no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella teko no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Amazophrynella vote no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Amazophrynella xinguensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Anaxyrus (25 species)
Genus Ansonia (36 species)
Ansonia albomaculata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia echinata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia endauensis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia fuliginea no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia glandulosa no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia guibei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia hanitschi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia inthanon AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia jeetsukumarani AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia kanak no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia kelabitensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia khaochangensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia kraensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia kyaiktiyoensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia latidisca no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia latiffi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia latirostra AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia leptopus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia longidigita no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia lumut no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia malayana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia mcgregori no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia minuta no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia muelleri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia penangensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia phuketensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia pilokensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia platysoma no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia siamensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia smeagol AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia spinulifer no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia teneritas no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia thinthinae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia tiomanica no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ansonia torrentis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ansonia vidua no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Atelopus (99 species)
Atelopus andinus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus angelito AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus ardila no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus arsyecue no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus arthuri AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus balios no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus barbotini no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus bomolochos no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus boulengeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus carauta no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus carbonerensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus carrikeri AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus certus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus chiriquiensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus chirripoensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus chocoensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus chrysocorallus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus coynei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus cruciger AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus dimorphus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus ebenoides no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus elegans AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus epikeisthos no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus erythropus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus eusebianus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus eusebiodiazi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus exiguus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus famelicus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus farci no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus flavescens no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus franciscus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus galactogaster no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus gigas no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus glyphus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus guanujo AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus guitarraensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus halihelos no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus hoogmoedi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus ignescens AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus laetissimus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus limosus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus loettersi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus longibrachius no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus longirostris AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus lozanoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus lynchi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus manauensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus mandingues no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus marinkellei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus mindoensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus minutulus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus mittermeieri AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus monohernandezii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus moropukaqumir no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus mucubajiensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus muisca no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus nahumae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus nanay AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus nepiozomus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus nicefori no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus nocturnus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus onorei AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus orcesi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus oxapampae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus oxyrhynchus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus pachydermus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus palmatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus pastuso no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus patazensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus pedimarmoratus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus peruensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus petersi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus petriruizi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus pictiventris no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus pinangoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus planispina no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus podocarpus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus pulcher no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus pyrodactylus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus quimbaya no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus reticulatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus sanjosei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus seminiferus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus senex AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus sernai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus simulatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus siranus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus sonsonensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus sorianoi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus spumarius AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Atelopus spurrelli no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus subornatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus tamaense no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus tricolor AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus varius AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Atelopus vermiculatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus vogli AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus walkeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Atelopus zeteki AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Barbarophryne (1 species)
Barbarophryne brongersmai no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Blythophryne (1 species)
Blythophryne beryet AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Bufo (16 species)
Bufo ailaoanus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo aspinius no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo bankorensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo bufo AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo cryptotympanicus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo eichwaldi AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Bufo gargarizans AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo japonicus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo luchunnicus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo menglianus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo pageoti no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo spinosus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo stejnegeri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo torrenticola AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufo tuberculatus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufo tuberospinius no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Bufoides (2 species)
Bufoides kempi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufoides meghalayanus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Bufotes (15 species)
Bufotes balearicus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes baturae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes boulengeri AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes cypriensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufotes latastii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes luristanicus no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Bufotes oblongus no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Bufotes perrini no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Bufotes pewzowi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes pseudoraddei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes sitibundus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes surdus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes turanensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes viridis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Bufotes zugmayeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Capensibufo (5 species)
Capensibufo deceptus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Capensibufo magistratus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Capensibufo rosei AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Capensibufo selenophos no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Capensibufo tradouwi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Churamiti (1 species)
Churamiti maridadi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Dendrophryniscus (16 species)
Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus davori no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus haddadi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus imitator no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus izecksohni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus jureia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus krausae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus lauroi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus leucomystax no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus oreites no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus organensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus proboscideus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus skuki no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Didynamipus (1 species)
Didynamipus sjostedti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Duttaphrynus (29 species)
Duttaphrynus atukoralei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus beddomii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus brevirostris no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus chandai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus crocus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus cyphosus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus dhufarensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus himalayanus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus hololius AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus kiphirensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus kotagamai no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus mamitensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus manipurensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus melanostictus AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Duttaphrynus microtympanum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus mizoramensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus nagalandensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus noellerti AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus olivaceus AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Duttaphrynus parietalis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus scaber no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus scorteccii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus silentvalleyensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus stomaticus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus stuarti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus sumatranus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus totol no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus valhallae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Duttaphrynus wokhaensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Epidalea (1 species)
Epidalea calamita AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Frostius (2 species)
Frostius erythrophthalmus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Frostius pernambucensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Ghatophryne (2 species)
Ghatophryne ornata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ghatophryne rubigina no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Incilius (40 species)
Genus Ingerophrynus (12 species)
Ingerophrynus biporcatus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus celebensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus claviger no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus divergens AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus galeatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus gollum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus kumquat no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus ledongensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus macrotis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus parvus AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Ingerophrynus philippinicus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Laurentophryne (1 species)
Laurentophryne parkeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Leptophryne (3 species)
Leptophryne borbonica AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Leptophryne cruentata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Leptophryne javanica no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Melanophryniscus (30 species)
Melanophryniscus admirabilis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus alipioi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus atroluteus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus biancae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus cambaraensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus cupreuscapularis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus devincenzii AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus dorsalis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus estebani no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus klappenbachi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus krauczuki no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus langonei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus milanoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus montevidensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus moreirae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus paraguayensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus peritus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus rubriventris no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus sanmartini AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus setiba no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus simplex no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus spectabilis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus stelzneri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus tumifrons no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus vilavelhensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Melanophryniscus xanthostomus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Mertensophryne (14 species)
Mertensophryne anotis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne howelli no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne lindneri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne lonnbergi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne loveridgei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne melanopleura no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne micranotis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Mertensophryne mocquardi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne nairobiensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne nyikae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Mertensophryne schmidti no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne taitana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne usambarae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Mertensophryne uzunguensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Metaphryniscus (1 species)
Metaphryniscus sosai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Nannophryne (4 species)
Nannophryne apolobambica no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nannophryne cophotis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nannophryne corynetes no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nannophryne variegata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Nectophryne (2 species)
Nectophryne afra no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nectophryne batesii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Nectophrynoides (13 species)
Nectophrynoides asperginis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides cryptus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides frontierei no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides laevis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides laticeps AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides minutus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides paulae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides poyntoni AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides tornieri AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Nectophrynoides vestergaardi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides viviparus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nectophrynoides wendyae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Nimbaphrynoides (1 species)
Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Oreophrynella (9 species)
Oreophrynella cryptica no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella dendronastes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella huberi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella macconnelli no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella nigra AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oreophrynella quelchii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella seegobini AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Oreophrynella vasquezi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Oreophrynella weiassipuensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Osornophryne (11 species)
Osornophryne angel no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne antisana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne bufoniformis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne cofanorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne guacamayo no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Osornophryne occidentalis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne percrassa no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne puruanta no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne simpsoni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne sumacoensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Osornophryne talipes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Parapelophryne (1 species)
Parapelophryne scalpta no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Pedostibes (1 species)
Pedostibes tuberculosus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Pelophryne (14 species)
Pelophryne albotaeniata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne api no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pelophryne brevipes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne guentheri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pelophryne ingeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne lighti no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne linanitensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne macrotis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne misera no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Pelophryne murudensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne penrissenensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne rhopophilia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne saravacensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Pelophryne signata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Peltophryne (14 species)
Peltophryne armata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne cataulaciceps no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne dunni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne empusa no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne florentinoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne fluviatica AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne fustiger AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne guentheri AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne gundlachi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne lemur AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne longinasus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne peltocephala AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Peltophryne ramsdeni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Peltophryne taladai AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Phrynoidis (2 species)
Phrynoidis aspera AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Phrynoidis juxtasper no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Poyntonophrynus (11 species)
Poyntonophrynus beiranus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus damaranus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus dombensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus grandisonae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus hoeschi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus kavangensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus lughensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus pachnodes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus parkeri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Poyntonophrynus vertebralis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Pseudobufo (1 species)
Pseudobufo subasper no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Rentapia (3 species)
Rentapia everetti AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rentapia flavomaculata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rentapia hosii no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video
Genus Rhaebo (13 species)
Rhaebo andinophrynoides no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo atelopoides no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo blombergi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhaebo caeruleostictus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo colomai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo ecuadorensis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo glaberrimus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhaebo guttatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhaebo haematiticus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhaebo hypomelas no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo lynchi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo nasicus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhaebo olallai no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Rhinella (96 species)
Rhinella abei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella achalensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella achavali no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella acrolopha no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella amabilis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella amboroensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella arborescandens no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella arenarum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella arequipensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella arunco no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella atacamensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella azarai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella beebei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella bergi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella bernardoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella casconi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella centralis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella ceratophrys no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella cerradensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella chavin AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella chrysophora no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella cristinae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella crucifer no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella diptycha no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella dorbignyi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella exostosica no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella fernandezae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella festae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella fissipes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella gallardoi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella gnustae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella granulosa AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella henseli no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella horribilis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella humboldti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella icterica AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella inca no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella inopina no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella iserni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella jimi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella justinianoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella leptoscelis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella lilyrodriguezae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella limensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella lindae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella macrorhina no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella major no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella manu no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella marina AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella merianae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella mirandaribeiroi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella multiverrucosa no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella nattereri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella nesiotes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella nicefori no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella ornata no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella paraguas no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella parecis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella poeppigii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella pombali AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella pygmaea no AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella quechua no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella rostrata AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella rubescens no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella rubropunctata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella ruizi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella rumbolli no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella schneideri AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella spinulosa no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella sternosignata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella tacana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella tenrec AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella truebae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella vellardi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella veraguensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella veredas AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella yanachaga AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) acutirostris no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) alata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) castaneotica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) dapsilis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) gildae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) hoogmoedi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) lescurei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) magnussoni AmphibiaWeb account no photos sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) margaritifera no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) martyi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) ocellata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) paraguayensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) proboscidea AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) roqueana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) scitula no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) sclerocephala no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) sebbeni no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) stanlaii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rhinella (margaritifera) yunga no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Sabahphrynus (1 species)
Sabahphrynus maculatus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Schismaderma (1 species)
Schismaderma carens AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Sclerophrys (45 species)
Sclerophrys arabica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys asmarae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys blanfordii no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys brauni no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys buchneri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys camerunensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys capensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys channingi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys chudeaui no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys cristiglans no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys danielae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys djohongensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys dodsoni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys fuliginata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys funerea no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys garmani no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys gracilipes no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys gutturalis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys kassasii AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys kerinyagae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys kisoloensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys langanoensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys latifrons no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys lemairii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys maculata AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Sclerophrys mauritanica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys pantherina AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys pardalis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys pentoni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys perreti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys poweri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys pusilla no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys reesi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys regularis AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Sclerophrys steindachneri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys superciliaris no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys taiensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys tihamica no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys togoensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys tuberosa no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys turkanae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys urunguensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys villiersi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sclerophrys vittata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sclerophrys xeros AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Sigalegalephrynus (5 species)
Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sigalegalephrynus gayoluesensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sigalegalephrynus harveyi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sigalegalephrynus mandailinguensis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Sigalegalephrynus minangkabauensis no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Strauchbufo (1 species)
Strauchbufo raddei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Truebella (2 species)
Truebella skoptes AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Truebella tothastes AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Vandijkophrynus (5 species)
Vandijkophrynus amatolicus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vandijkophrynus angusticeps no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vandijkophrynus gariepensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vandijkophrynus inyangae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Vandijkophrynus robinsoni no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Werneria (6 species)
Werneria bambutensis AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Werneria iboundji no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Werneria mertensiana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Werneria preussi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Werneria submontana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Werneria tandyi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Wolterstorffina (3 species)
Wolterstorffina chirioi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Wolterstorffina mirei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Wolterstorffina parvipalmata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Xanthophryne (2 species)
Xanthophryne koynayensis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Xanthophryne tigerina no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Citation: AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: https://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed:
AmphibiaWeb's policy on data use.