Cycloramphidae

38 species in 3 genera

Commonly Called Button Frogs. River Frogs, or Bug-Eyed Frogs	Cycloramphus duseni Photo by Germano Woehl Jr. (Click for family gallery)
The family Cycloramphidae contains genera formerly considered to be within the family Leptodactylidae, and once contained genera with wholly unique life history such as Rhinoderma, Mouth-Brooding Frogs, now considered as a separate family, the Rhinodermatidae. Cycloramphidae family now is restricted to three genera, which occur in terrestrial or semi-terrestrial habitats of primary or secondary forests, streams and rocky outcrops in South America. Some species larvae (Thoropa) have adaptations for living in fast-moving torrents of mountain streams; others are considered semi-terrestrial living in the rocks in the splashzone of waterfalls where they forage for food on the streambanks (Cycloramphus). The placement of the genus Zachaenus was once considered too uncertain for family assignment until Guedes et al (2019). News Highlight: November 25, 2019: In frogs, breeding in water is the ancestral condition. Yet terrestrial breeding has evolved repeatedly. Recently, de Sá et al (2019) found that terrestrial breeding in the Neotropical frog genera Cycloramphus and Zachaenus (family Cycloramphidae) has independently evolved three times. Terrestrial breeding is thought to have evolved as a way to escape threats to eggs and larvae from aquatic predators. This work shows that an equally important driver of terrestrial breeding could be the high costs associated with high male-male competition and guarding nest territories. They reason aquatic breeding species have limited nest sites in rocky streams, which leads to high competition among males for high-quality nest sites. Females are typically bigger than male frogs but increased male-male competition leads to selection for larger males, reducing the size differences between the sexes. By switching to terrestrial breeding, the higher abundance of sites on land to create nests dramatically lowers the degree of male-male competition and territoriality. This reduces selection for bigger males; smaller body sizes are particularly important on land where desiccation risk is high and being smaller reduces desiccation. In evolving terrestrial breeding, sexual size dimorphism becomes enhanced as selection for larger males is reduced, allowing males to evolve smaller body sizes while females are still proportionally larger to be able to better produce eggs. They nicely illustrate how natural and sexual selection in conjunction to transitions to different breeding habitats may influence the diversification of amphibian life. (MLambert) Written by AmphibiaWeb
Notable Family Characteristics Terrestrial or semi-terrestrial habitats of primary or secondary forests, streams and rocky outcrops Amplexus axillary Eggs are laid and hatch into free-living tadpoles with adaptations to semi-terrestrial or torrential stream habitats Some morphological features include: 1) paired palatines and frontoparietals in the skull; 2) eight presacral holochordal vertebrae, all procoelous Distribution limited to southeastern Brazil in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest of South America
Cartography Credit: Zoe Yoo, UC Berkeley Range maps sources: AmphibiaWeb, UC Berkeley, and IUCN RedList Download PDF
Relevant Reference Guedes, JJM, CL de Assis, CM Novaes, JA Dergam, and RN Feio. 2019. Filling knowledge gaps about the 'Data Deficient' species Zachaenus carvalhoi Izecksohn, 1983 (Anura, Cycloramphidae): an endemic frog from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12:113-204. Pough, F. H., R. M. Andrews, M. L. Crump, A. H. Savitzky, K. D. Wells, and M. C. Brandley. 2015. Herpetology. Fourth Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer. Vitt, L. J., and J. P. Caldwell. 2013. Herpetology. An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Fourth Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

List with Species Account Details

List with Photos

Genus Cycloramphus (29 species)

Cycloramphus acangatan	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus asper	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus bandeirensis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus bolitoglossus	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus boraceiensis	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus brasiliensis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus carvalhoi	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus catarinensis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus cedrensis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus diringshofeni	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus dubius	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus duseni	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus faustoi	account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus fuliginosus	no account	photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus granulosus	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus heyeri	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus izecksohni	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus juimirim	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus lithomimeticus	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus lutzorum	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus migueli	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus mirandaribeiroi	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus ohausi	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus organensis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus rhyakonastes	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus semipalmatus	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus stejnegeri	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Cycloramphus valae	no account	no photos	no sound/video

Genus Thoropa (7 species)

Thoropa bryomantis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Thoropa lutzi	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Thoropa megatympanum	no account	photos	no sound/video
Thoropa miliaris	no account	photos	no sound/video
Thoropa petropolitana	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Thoropa saxatilis	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Thoropa taophora	account	photos	sound/video

Genus Zachaenus (2 species)

Zachaenus carvalhoi	no account	no photos	no sound/video
Zachaenus parvulus	no account	photos	no sound/video

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