Bufonidae (see family information on Tree of Life site)
True toads
This group is large and very complicated. Bufonidae is composed of 34 genera with a worldwide distribution, except for Australia. In Australia, the only bufonid is the introduced Cane Toad (Bufo marinus), which has become a pest and danger to local wildlife, due to its voracious appetite, large size, high fecundity, and high toxicity (it has pronounced negative effects on native Australian snakes). This family includes the stereotypical “toad” with shortened forelimbs, hindlimbs used for walking or hopping, dry warty skin, and parotoid glands behind eyes. Development in this group is quite varied; there are species that lay eggs in water and produce aquatic larvae, terrestrial direct developers, and the only known viviparous species of frogs, Nectophrynoides and Nimbaphrynoides which give birth to fully developed young toadlets. Characters shared within the family are: 1) Bidder’s organ present; 2) teeth absent from upper and lower jaws; 3) constrictor posterior muscle absent; 4) depressor mandibulae muscle originating solely from the squamosal; 5) inguinal fat bodies present; 6) skull highly ossified (usually skin is ossified to the skull).
Bufo bufo
Photo by Arie van der Meijden
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Genus Adenomus (3 species)
Adenomus dasi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Adenomus kandianus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Adenomus kelaartii species account photos no range maps no sounds
Genus Altiphrynoides (1 species)
Altiphrynoides malcolmi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds
Genus Andinophryne (3 species)
Andinophryne atelopoides no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Andinophryne colomai no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Andinophryne olallai no species account no photos no range maps no sounds
Genus Ansonia (24 species)
Ansonia albomaculata no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia endauensis species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia fuliginea no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia glandulosa no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia guibei no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia hanitschi no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia inthanon no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia kraensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia latidisca no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia latirostra species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia leptopus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia longidigita no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia malayana no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia mcgregori no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia minuta no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia muelleri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia ornata species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia penangensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia platysoma no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia rubigina no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia siamensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia spinulifer no species account photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia tiomanica no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Ansonia torrentis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds
Genus Atelopus (82 species)
Atelopus andinus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus angelito no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus arsyecue no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus arthuri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus balios no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus bomolochos no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus boulengeri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus carauta no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus carbonerensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus carrikeri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus certus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus chiriquiensis species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus chocoensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus chrysocorallus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus coynei no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus cruciger no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus dimorphus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus ebenoides no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus elegans no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus epikeisthos no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus erythropus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus eusebianus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus exiguus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus famelicus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus farci no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus flavescens no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus franciscus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus galactogaster no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus glyphus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus guanujo no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus guitarraensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus halihelos no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus ignescens species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus laetissimus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus limosus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus longibrachius no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus longirostris no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus lozanoi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus lynchi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus mandingues no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus mindoensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus minutulus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus mittermeieri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus monohernandezii no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus mucubajiensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus muisca no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus nahumae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus nanay no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus nepiozomus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus nicefori no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus onorei no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus oxyrhynchus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pachydermus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus palmatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pedimarmoratus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus peruensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus petersi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus petriruizi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pictiventris no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pinangoi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus planispina no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pulcher no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus pyrodactylus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus quimbaya no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus reticulatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus sanjosei no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus seminiferus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus senex species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus sernai no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus simulatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus siranus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus sonsonensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus sorianoi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus spumarius species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus spurrelli no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus subornatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus tamaensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus tricolor no species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus varius species account photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus vogli no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus walkeri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Atelopus zeteki species account photos no range maps no sounds
Genus Bufo (282 species)
Bufo abei no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo achalensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo achavali no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo acutirostris no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo ailaoanus no species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo alatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo alvarius species account photos range maps sounds Bufo amabilis species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo amatolicus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo amboroensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo americanus species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo angusticeps no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo apolobambicus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo arabicus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo arborescandens no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo arenarum no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo arequipensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo arunco no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo asmarae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo asper species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo aspinius no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo atacamensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo atukoralei species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo aucoinae species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo balearicus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo bankorensis species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo baxteri species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo beddomii no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo beebei no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo beiranus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo bergi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo biporcatus species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo blanfordii no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo blombergi no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo bocourti no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo boreas species account photos range maps sounds Bufo boulengeri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo brauni no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo brevirostris no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo brongersmai no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo buchneri no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo bufo species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo caeruleostictus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo calamita species account photos range maps sounds Bufo californicus species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo camerunensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo campbelli no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo canaliferus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo canorus species account photos range maps sounds Bufo castaneoticus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cataulaciceps no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cavifrons no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo celebensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo ceratophrys no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cerradensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo chavin species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo chrysophorus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo chudeaui no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo claviger no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo coccifer species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cognatus species account photos range maps sounds Bufo compactilis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo coniferus species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cophotis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo corynetes no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cristatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cristiglans no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cristinae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo crocus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo crucifer no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cryptotympanicus no species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo cycladen species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo cyphosus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo damaranus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo danielae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo dapsilis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo debilis species account photos range maps sounds Bufo dhufarensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo diptychus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo divergens no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo djohongensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo dodsoni no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo dombensis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo dorbignyi no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo empusus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo exsul species account photos range maps sounds Bufo fastidiosus species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fenoulheti no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fernandezae no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fissipes no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo florentinoi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fluviaticus species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo fowleri species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo fractus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fuliginatus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo funereus no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo fustiger species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo galeatus no species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo gallardoi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gargarizans species account photos range maps no sounds Bufo gariepensis no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo garmani no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gemmifer no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo glaberrimus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gnustae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gollum no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gracilipes no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo grandisonae no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo granulosus species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo guentheri species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo gundlachi no species account no photos no range maps no sounds Bufo guttatus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo gutturalis no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo haematiticus no species account photos no range maps no sounds Bufo hemiophrys species account no photos range maps no sounds Bufo hense