Centrolenidae (see family information on Tree of Life site)
153 species in 12 genera
Glass Frogs Centrolenid frogs derive their common name from the transparent venter, through which internal organs can be seen in many species. Most Centrolenids are a shade of green, ranging from light lime green to dark green. Members of this family also have green bones as a result of green bile salts. Studies have shown that glass frogs contain a unique pigment in their skin that reflects the same wavelength infrared radiation that plants do, possibly another adaptation for concealment.Most glass frogs are small (30 mm) with one exception, Centrolene gekkoideum, which attains a length of 77 mm. Eggs are usually deposited on rocks or plants overhanging water, and are sometimes guarded by territorial males. The larvae drop into the water upon hatching and burrow in the sand or detritus at the bottom.
Species of this group occur from Venezuela down through Bolivia, Argentina, and southern Brazil in high montane habitats with streams.
Morphological characters uniting this clade are: 1) astragalus and calcaneum completely fused (convergent with Pelodytidae); 2) dilated medial process on third metacarpal; 3) T-shaped terminal phalanges (convergent with other groups); 4) 8 presacral vertebrae; 5) ribs absent; 6) pectoral girdle arciferal; 7) palatines present; 8) ventral side and sometimes GI organs transparent
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
Photo by Twan Leenders
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Subfamily Centroleninae (121 species)
Genus Centrolene (37 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Centrolene acanthidiocephalum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene altitudinale no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene antioquiense no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene audax no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene azulae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene bacatum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene ballux no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene buckleyi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene condor no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene daidaleum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene durrellorum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene fernandoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene geckoideum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene gemmatum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene grandisonae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene guanacarum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene heloderma no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene hesperium no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene huilense AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene hybrida AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene lemniscatum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene lynchi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene medemi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene muelleri no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene notostictum AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene paezorum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene peristictum no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene petrophilum AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene pipilatum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene quindianum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene robledoi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene sabini AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene sanchezi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene savagei AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Centrolene scirtetes no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene solitaria AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Centrolene venezuelense no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Chimerella (1 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Chimerella mariaelenae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Cochranella (20 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Cochranella adenocheira AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella ametarsia no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella balionota no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella croceopodes no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella duidaeana no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella euhystrix no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella euknemos AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella geijskesi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella granulosa AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella litoralis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella mache AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella megista no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella nola AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Cochranella ocellifera no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella phryxa AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella ramirezi AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella resplendens no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella ritae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella riveroi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Cochranella xanthocheridia AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Espadarana (3 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Espadarana andina AmphibiaWeb account photos sound/video Espadarana callistomma no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Espadarana prosoblepon AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Ikakogi (1 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Ikakogi tayrona AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video
Genus Nymphargus (35 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Nymphargus anomalus AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus armatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus bejaranoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus buenaventura no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus cariticommatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus chami AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus chancas no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus cochranae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus cristinae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus garciae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus griffithsi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus ignotus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus lasgralarias no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus laurae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus luminosus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus luteopunctatus AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus mariae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus megacheirus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus mixomaculatus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus nephelophila AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus ocellatus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus oreonympha AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus phenax no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus pluvialis no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus posadae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus prasinus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus puyoensis AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus rosadus no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus ruizi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus siren no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus spilotus no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus sucre no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus truebae no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Nymphargus vicenteruedai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Nymphargus wileyi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Rulyrana (9 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Rulyrana adiazeta AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana erminea AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana flavopunctata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana mcdiarmidi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana orejuela AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Rulyrana saxiscandens no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana spiculata no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana susatamai AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Rulyrana tangarana no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Sachatamia (3 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Sachatamia albomaculata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sachatamia ilex AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Sachatamia punctulata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Teratohyla (4 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Teratohyla amelie AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Teratohyla midas no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Teratohyla pulverata AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Teratohyla spinosa AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Vitreorana (8 species) [subfamily Centroleninae]
Vitreorana antisthenesi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vitreorana castroviejoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vitreorana eurygnatha AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Vitreorana gorzulae AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Vitreorana helenae no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Vitreorana oyampiensis AmphibiaWeb account no photos sound/video Vitreorana parvula AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Vitreorana uranoscopa AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae (32 species)Genus Celsiella (2 species) [subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae]
Celsiella revocata no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Celsiella vozmedianoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Genus Hyalinobatrachium (30 species) [subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae]
Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium bergeri no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium cappellei no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium carlesvilai no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium duranti no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium esmeralda no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium fragile no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium guairarepanense no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium ibama no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium kawense no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium lemur no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium mesai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium munozorum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium orientale no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium orocostale no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium pallidum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium petersi no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium ruedai no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium talamancae AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium taylori no AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium tricolor no AmphibiaWeb account no photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium valerioi AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum AmphibiaWeb account photos no sound/video
Citation: AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2013. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 2013).AmphibiaWeb's policy on data use.