Literature references belonging to the species accounts entered by Mark Oliver Roedel
Please use the "search page" function of your browser to search this page.
id: 1030 ADJANOHOUN, E. & L. AKE ASSI (1967): Inventaire floristique des forets claires sub-soudanaises et soudanaises en Cote d'Ivoire.- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, III Sci.: 89-141. id: 1031 AHL, E. (1924a): Ueber einige afrikanische Froesche.- Zool. Anz., 59/60: 269-273. id: 1032 AHL, E. (1924b): Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin.- Arch. Naturgesch., Abt. A, 90: 246-254. id: 1033 AHL, E. (1929): Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen Baumfrosch-Gattung Leptopelis.- Sber. Gesell. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1929: 185-222. id: 1034 AHL, E. (1930a): Beschreibung einer neuen Baumfroschart der Gattung Chiromantis.- Zool. Anz., 88: 219-221. id: 1035 AHL, E. (1930b): Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen Froschgattung Kassina GIRARD.- Zool. Anz., 88: 277-283. id: 1036 AHL, E. (1931a): Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.).- Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 1-132. id: 1037 AHL, E. (1931b): Anura III, Polypedatidae.- In: SCHULZE, F.E. & W. KUEKENTHAL (Ed.): Das Tierreich, 55. Lieferung, Walter de Gruyter (Berlin & Leipzig), I-XVI + 1-477. id: 1038 AKEF, M.S.A. (1997): A comparison of hematological characteristics and oxygen consumption of Rana levantina and Ptychadena mascareniensis (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) in Egypt.- J. Afr. Zool., 111: 249-259. id: 1039 AKEF, M.S.A. (1998): Comparison of acclamatory patterns of two species of the genus Bufo in Egypt (Amphibia, Bufonidae).- J. Afr. Zol., 112: 77-85. id: 1040 AKEF, M.S.A. & H. SCHNEIDER (1993): Reproductive behavior and mating call pattern in Degen's toad, Bufo vittatus, in Egypt (Bufonidae, Amphibia).- J. Afr. Zool., 107: 97-104. id: 1041 AKEF, M.S. & A. H. SCHNEIDER (1995): Calling bahavior and mating call pattern in the mascarene frog, Ptychadena mascareniensis, (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) in Egypt.- J. Afr. Zool., 109: 225-229. id: 1042 ALTIG, R. & G.J. JOHNSTON (1986): Major characteristics of free-living anuran tadpoles.- Smith. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., No. 67: 1-75. id: 1043 ALTIG, R. & G.J. JOHNSTON (1989): Guilds of anuran larvae: relationships among developmental mode, morphologies and habitats.- Herpetol. Monogr, 3: 81-109. id: 1044 AMIET, J.-L. (1970): Morphologie et developpement de la larve de Leptodactylodon ventrimarmoratus (BOULENGER) (Amphibien Anoure).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 4: 53-71. id: 1045 AMIET, J.-L. (1971a): Especes nouvelles ou mal connues de Leptodactylodon (Amphibiens Anoures) de la dorsale camerounaise.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 5: 57-81. id: 1046 AMIET, J.-L. (1971b): Les batraciens orophiles du Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 5: 83-102. id: 1047 AMIET, J.-L. (1971c): Leptodactylodon nouveaux du Cameroun (Amphibiens Anoures).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 7-8: 141-172. id: 1048 AMIET, J.-L. (1972a): Notes faunistiques, ethologiques et ecologiques sur quelques amphibiens anoures du Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 9: 127-153. id: 1049 AMIET, J.-L. (1972b): Description de trois Bufonides orophiles du Cameroun appartenant au groupe de Bufo preussi MATSCHI (Amphibiens Anoures).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 11: 121-140. id: 1050 AMIET, J.-L. (1972c): Description de cinq nouvelles especes camerounaises de Cardioglossa (Amphibiens Anoures).- Biologia Gabonica, 8: 201-231. id: 1051 AMIET, J.-L. (1973a): Compte rendu d'une mission batrachologique dans le Nord-Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 12: 63-78. id: 1052 AMIET, J.-L. (1973b): Notes faunistiques, ethologiques et ecologiques sur quelques amphibiens anoures du Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 13: 135-161. id: 1053 AMIET, J.-L. (1973c): Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais II.- Arthroleptinae: genre Cardioglossa.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 14: 149-164. id: 1054 AMIET, J.-L. (1973d): Caracteres diagnostiques de Petropetes perreti, nov. sp. et notes sur les autres especes camerounaises du genre (Amphibiens Anoures).- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 35: 462-474. id: 1055 AMIET, J.-L. (1974a): La ponte et la larve d'Opisthothylax immaculatus BOULENGER (Amphibiens Anoures).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 17: 121-130. id: 1056 AMIET, J.-L. (1974b): Voix d'amphibiens camerounais IV.- Raninae: genres Ptychadena, Hildebrandtia et Dicroglossus.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 18: 109-128. id: 1057 AMIET, J.-L. (1974c): Le tetard d'Hyperolius obstetricans AHL (Amphibiens Anoures).- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 36 (4): 973-981. id: 1058 AMIET, J.-L. (1975): Ecologie et distribution des amphibiens anoures de la region de Nkongsamba (Cameroun).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 20:33-107. id: 1059 AMIET, J.-L. (1976a): Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais. V.- Bufonidae: genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 21-22: 139-157. id: 1060 AMIET, J.-L. (1976b): Observations anatomique et biologique sur le genre Werneria POCHE, 1903.- Rev. Zool. afr., 90: 33-45. id: 1061 AMIET, J.-L. (1976c): Les formes larvaires d'Hyperolius krebsi MERTENS et H. koehleri MERTENS (Amphibiens Anoures).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 21-22: 159-169. id: 1062 AMIET, J.-L. (1977): Les Astylosternus du Cameroun (Amphibia Anura, Astylosterninae).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 23-24: 99-227. id: 1063 AMIET, J.-L. (1978): A propos d'Hyperolius platyceps (BOULENGER), H. kuligae MERTENS et H. adametzi AHL (Amphibiens Anoures).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 25: 221-256. id: 1064 AMIET, J.-L. (1980a): Revision du genre Leptodactylodon ANDERSSON (Amphibia, Anura, Astylosterninae).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 27: 69-224. id: 1065 AMIET, J.-L. (1980b): Un Hyperolius nouveau du Cameroun: Hyperolius endjami n.sp. (Amphibia Anura, Hyperoliidae).- Rev. Suisse Zool., 87: 445-460. id: 1066 AMIET, J.-L. (1981a): Ecologie, ethologie et developpement de Phrynodon sandersoni PARKER, 1939 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae).- Amphibia-Reptilia, 2: 1-13. id: 1067 AMIET, J.-L. (1981b): Une nouvelle Cardioglossa orophile de la dorsale camerounaise: C. schioetzi nov. sp. (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptinae).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 28: 117-131. id: 1068 AMIET, J.-L. (1983a): Un essai de cartographie des anoures du Cameroun.- Alytes, 2: 124-146. id: 1069 AMIET, J.-L. (1983b): Une espece meconnue de Petropedetes du Cameroun: Petropedetes parkeri n. sp. (Amphibia Anura: Ranidae, Phrynobatrachinae).- Rev. Suisse Zool., 90: 457-468. id: 1070 AMIET, J.-L. (1987): Aires disjointes et taxons vicariants chez les anoures du Cameroun: implications paleoclimatiques.- Alytes, 6: 99-115. id: 1071 AMIET, J.-L. (1989): Quelques aspects de la biologie des amphibiens anoures du Cameroun.- Ann. Biol., 28: 73-136. id: 1072 AMIET, J.-L. (1989-1990a): Images d'amphibiens camerounais. I. Sacs vocaux et postures de chant.- Alytes, 8: 3-10. id: 1073 AMIET, J.-L. (1989-1990b): Images d'amphibiens camerounais. II. L'enfouissement et la phonation bouche ouverte chez Conraura crassipes (BUCHHOLZ & PETERS, 1875).- Alytes, 8: 99-104. id: 1074 AMIET, J.-L. (1991a): Images d'amphibiens camerounais. III. Le comportement de garde des œufs.- Alytes, 9: 15-22. id: 1075 AMIET, J.-L. (1991b): Images d'amphibiens camerounais. IV. Les constructeurs de nids.- Alytes, 9: 71-77. id: 1076 AMIET, J.-L. (1991c): Un Leptopelis meconnu de la faune forestiere camerounaise (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae).- Alytes, 9: 89-102. id: 1077 AMIET, J.-L. & J.-L. PERRET (1969): Contributions a la faune de la region de Yaounde (Cameroun) II.- Amphibiens Anoures.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 3: 117-137. id: 1078 AMIET, J.-L. & A. SCHIOETZ (1973): Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais I. Astylosterninae: genres Leptodactylodon, Scotobleps et Nyctibates.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 12: 79-100. id: 1079 AMIET, J.-L. & A. SCHIOETZ (1974): Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais III. Hyperoliidae: genre Leptopelis.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 17: 131-163. id: 1080 ANDERSSON, L.G. (1903): Neue Batrachier aus Kamerun, von den Herren Dr. Y. SJOESTEDT und Dr. R. JUNGNER.- Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 53: 141-145. id: 1081 ANDERSSON, L.G. (1905): Batrachians from Cameroon collected by Dr. Y. SJOESTEDT in the years 1890-1892.- Ark. f. Zool., 2: 1-29 + 1 plate. id: 1082 ANDERSSON, L.G. (1937): Reptiles and batrachians. Collected in the Gambia by GUSTAV SVENSSON and BIRGER RUDEBECK (Swedish Expedition 1931).- Ark. f. Zool., 29 A (16): 1-28. id: 1083 ANGEL, M.F. (1922): Sur une collection de reptiles et de batraciens, recueillis au Soudan Francais par la Mission du Dr. MILLET HORSIN.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 28: 39-41. id: 1084 ANGEL, F. (1940): Descriptions de trois amphibiens nouveaux du Cameroun, materiaux de la Mission P. LEPESME, R. PAULIAN et A. VILLIERS (2e note).- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.,12: 238-243. id: 1085 ANGEL, F. (1948): Etude comparative des formes oxyrhynchus et gribinguiensis de Rana oxyrhynchus.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 20: 441-443. id: 1086 ANGEL, F. (1949): Une grenouille nouvelle, Rana (Ptychadena) retropunctata, du Mt. Nimba (Materiaux de la Mission M. LAMOTTE en Haute Guinee Francaise).- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 21: 509-511. id: 1087 ARANO, B., G.A. LLORENTE, A. MONTORI, D. BUCKLEY & P. HERRERO (1998): Diversification in North-West African water frogs: molecular and morphological evidence.- Herpetol. J., 8: 57-64. id: 1088 ARNOULT, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1958): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest africain VI.- Developpement larvaire de deux especes d'Hyperolius: H. zonatus LAURENT et H. lamottei LAURENT.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 20: 573-586. id: 1089 ARNOULT, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1968): Les Pipidae de l'Ouest africain et du Cameroun.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 30: 270-306. id: 1090 BABAK, E. (1903a): Ueber den Einfluss der Nahrung auf die Laenge des Darmkanals I.- Biol. Centralblatt, 23 (13): 477-483. id: 1091 BABAK, E. (1903b): Ueber den Einfluss der Nahrung auf die Laenge des Darmkanals II.- Biol. Centralblatt, 23 (14/15): 519-528. id: 1092 BACHMANN, K., H. HEMMER, A. KONRAD & L.R. MAXSON (1980): Molecular evolution and the phylogenetic relationships of the African toad Bufo danielae PERRET, 1977 (Salientia: Bufonidae).- Amphibia-Reptilia, 1: 173-183. id: 1093 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. (1988): Functional partitioning in the two-part call of the leaf-folding frog Afrixalus brachycnemis.- Herpetologica, 44: 1-7. id: 1094 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1990a): Polyandry in the leaf-folding frog Afrixalus delicatus.- Herpetologica, 46: 7-10. id: 1095 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1990b): Suitable approach perches affect female phonotaxis in an arboreal frog.- Herpetologica, 46: 11-14. id: 1096 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1990c): Aggressive interactions and intermale spacing in choruses of the leaf-folding frog Afrixalus delicatus.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 25: 133-137. id: 1097 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1990d): Advertisment calls and female phonotaxis in Natal dwarf Afrixalus (Anura: Hyperoliidae).- J. Afr. Zool., 105: 275-280. id: 1098 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1991a): Sonic complexity and mate localisation in the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicatus.- Herpetologica, 47: 226-229. id: 1099 BACKWELL, P.R.Y. & N.I. PASSMORE (1991b): Satellite behaviour in the leaf-folding frog Afrixalus delicatus.- J. Herpetol., 25: 497-498. id: 1100 BAHADURI, J.L. & S.L. BASU (1957): A study of the urinogenital system of Salientia.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., 55: 1-56 + 5 plates. id: 1101 BAHA EL DIN, S.M. (1993): A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from Egypt.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 42: 24-27 id: 1102 BALINSKY, B.I. (1969): The reproductive ecology of amphibians of the Transvaal Highveld.- Zool. Afr., 4: 37-93. id: 1103 BALLETTO, E., M.A. CHERCHI & B. LANZA (1978): A new ranid frog from Somalia.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 11: 103-110. id: 1104 BALLETTO, E., M.A. CHERCHI & B. LANZA (1980): Hildebrandtia macrotympanum (BOULENGER, 1912), a distinct species (Amphibia Ranidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 12: 12-147. id: 1105 BALLETTO, E., M.A. CHERCHI & J. GASPERETTI (1985): Amphibians of the Arabian Peninsula.- Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 318-392. id: 1106 BARBAULT, R. (1967): Recherches ecologiques dans la savane de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoie): Le cycle annuel de la biomasse des amphibiens et des lezards.- Terre Vie, 3: 297-318. id: 1107 BARBAULT, R. (1972): Les peuplements d'amphibiens des savanes de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire).- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Ser. E., 5: 59-142. id: 1108 BARBAULT, R. (1974a): Observations ecologiques dans la savane de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire): Structure de l'herpetocenose.- Bull. Ecol., 5: 7-25. id: 1109 BARBAULT, R. (1974b): Le regime alimentaire des amphibiens de la savane de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire).- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 36: 952-972. id: 1110 BARBAULT, R. (1976): Structure et dynamique d'un peuplement d'amphibiens en savane protegee du feu (Lamto, Cote d'Ivoire).- Terre Vie, 30: 246-263. id: 1111 BARBAULT, R. (1984): Strategies de reproduction et demographie de quelques amphibiens anoures tropicaux.- Oikos, 43: 77-87. id: 1112 BARBAULT, R. & T. PILORGE (1980): Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux V. - Phrynobatrachus calcaratus.- Acta Oecol., 1980, 1: 373-382. id: 1113 BARBAULT, R. & M. TREFAUT RODRIGUES (1978): Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux I. Ptychadena maccarthyensis et Ptychadena oxyrhynchus.- Terre Vie, 32: 441-452. id: 1114 BARBAULT, R. & M. TREFAUT RODRIGUES (1979a): Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux III. - Arthroleptis poecilonotus.- Trop. Ecol., 20: 64-77. id: 1115 BARBAULT, R. & M. TREFAUT RODRIGUES (1979b): Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux IV. - Phrynobatrachus accraensis.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 41: 417-428. id: 1116 BARBOUR, T. (1911): Some West African amphibians.- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 54: 129-136 id: 1117 BARBOUR, T. & A. LOVERIDGE (1930a): Reptiles and amphibians from Liberia.- In: STRONG, R.P. (Ed.): The African republic of Liberia and the Belgian Congo, based on the observations made and material collected during the Harvard African Expedition 1926-1927, Vol. 2, Greenwood Press, New York: 769-786. id: 1118 BARBOUR, T. & A. LOVERIDGE (1930b): Reptiles and amphibians from the central African lake region.- In: STRONG, R.P. (Ed.): The African republic of Liberia and the Belgian Congo, based on the observations made and material collected during the Harvard African Expedition 1926-1927, Vol. 2, Greenwood Press, New York: 787-796 id: 1119 BATES, M.F. (1995): Distribution and diversity of amphibians in the Free State, South Africa.- Madoqua, 19: 3-14. id: 1120 BAUER, A.M., R. GUENTHER & M. KLIPFEL (Ed.) (1995): The herpetological contributions of WILHELM C. H. PETERS (1815-1883).- Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (Ithaca, New York), 714 pp. id: 1121 BEDDARD, F.E. (1894): Notes upon the tadpole of Xenopus laevis (Dactylethra capensis).- Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894: 101-107 + 1 plate. id: 1122 BENTLEY, P.J. (1966): Adaptations of Amphibia to arid environments.- Science, 152: 619-623 id: 1123 BERGERARD, Y. & M. LAMOTTE (1949): L'emploi d'un crapaud Ouest-Africain, Xenopus tropicalis (GRAY) (X. calcaratus PETERS) pour le diagnostic de la grossesse.- Notes Africaines, 41: 25-26. id: 1124 BISHOP, P.J. & N.I. PASSMORE (1993): A new species of Arthroleptella HEWITT (Ranidae: Phrynobatrachinae) from the mist belt of the Natal Highlands, South Africa.- Ann. Transvaal Mus, 36: 17-20. id: 1125 BISHOP, P.J., M.D. JENNIONS & N.I. PASSMORE (1995): Chorus size and call intensity: female choice in the Painted Reed Frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Behaviour, 132: 721-731. id: 1126 BLACK, J.H. (1974): Larval spadefoot survival.- J. Herpetol., 8 (4): 371-373. id: 1127 BLES, E.J. (1907): XVI. Notes on anuran development; Paludicola, Hemisus and Phyllomdusa.- In: KERR, J.G. (Ed.): The work of JOHN SAMUEL BUDGETT, University Press, Cambridge: 443-458 + 4 plates. id: 1128 BOCAGE, J.V.B. (1867): Batraciens nouveaux de l'Afrique Occidentale, (Loanda et Benguella).- Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 843-846. id: 1129 BOECKHELER, C. (1993): Untersuchungen zur Lebensstrategie und zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Hyperolius viridiflavus nitidulus (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae).- unpublished diploma thesis, University of Wuerzburg. id: 1130 BOETTGER, O. (1885/86): Beitraege zur Herpetologie und Malakozoologie Suedwest-Afrikas.- Ber. senckenb. naturf. Ges., 1885/86: 3-29 + 1 plate. id: 1131 BOETTGER, O. (1887): Zweiter Beitrag zur Herpetologie Suedwest- und Sued-Afrikas.- Ber. senckenb. naturf. Ges., 1887: 135-173. id: 1132 BOGART, J.P. (1981): How many times has terrestrial breeding evolved in anuran amphibians?.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 3: 29-40. id: 1133 BOGART, J.P. & J.-L. PERRET (1977): The karyotype of Bufo danielae PERRET.- Rev. Suisse. Zool., 84: 501-504. id: 1134 BOGART, J.P. & M. TANDY (1976): Polyploid amphibians: Three more diploid-tetraploid cryptic species of frogs.- Science, 4250: 334-335. id: 1135 BOGART, J.P. & M. TANDY (1981): Chromosome lineages in African frogs.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 5: 55-91. id: 1136 BOEHME, W. (1975): Zur Herpetofaunistik Kameruns, mit Beschreibung eines neuen Scinciden.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 26: 1-48. id: 1137 BOEHME, W. (1978): Zur Herpetofaunistik des Senegal.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 29: 360-417. id: 1138 BOEHME, W. (1994a): A record of Dimorphognathus africanus from Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, and deletion of Phrynodon sandersoni from the faunal list of this island (Anura: Ranidae: Petropedetinae).- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 45: 125-128. id: 1139 BOEHME, W. (1994b): Amphibien und Reptilien aus dem tropischen Afrika.- DATZ, 4/1994: 240-243. id: 1140 BOEHME, W. (1994c): Froesche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Suedost-Guineas, Westafrika. I. Einleitung; Pipidae, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae.- herpetofauna, 16 (92): 11-19. id: 1141 BOEHME, W. (1994d): Froesche und Skinke aus dem Regenwaldgebiet Suedost-Guineas, Westafrika. II. Ranidae, Hyperoliidae, Scincidae; faunistisch-oekologische Bewertung.- herpetofauna, 16 (93): 6-16. id: 1142 BOEHME, W. & G. NIKOLAUS (1989): Herpetological specimens from the Gotel Mountains and Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria.- Tauraco Research Report, 1: 28-30. id: 1143 BOEHME, W. & B. SCHNEIDER (1987): Zur Herpetofaunistik Kameruns (III) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Cardioglossa (Anura: Arthroleptidae).- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 38: 241-263. id: 1144 BOEHME, W., H. MEINIG & M.-O. ROEDEL (1996): New records of amphibians and reptiles from Burkina Faso and Mali.- Brit. herpetol. Soc. Bull., 55: 7-26. id: 1145 BOUGART, R., C. ROURE & S.-D. KULO (1996): Nouvelles donnees sur les Trematodes d'amphibiens d'Afrique Occidentale. Description d'Haematoloechus aubriae n. sp.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 103: 383-394. id: 1146 BOULENGER, G.A. (1882): Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum.- 2.ed., British Museum, London, 503 pp. id: 1147 BOULENGER, G.A. (1883): Descriptions of new species of reptiles and batrachians in the British Museum.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5) 12: 161-167. id: 1148 BOULENGER, G.A. (1894): Third report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural History Museum.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894: 640-646 + 2 plates. id: 1149 BOULENGER, G.A. (1895): On the reptiles and batrachians obtained by Mr. E. LORT-PHILIPS in Somaliland.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 16: 164-171 + 1 plate. id: 1150 BOULENGER, G.A. (1898): Fourth report on additions to the batrachian collection in the Natural History Museum.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1898: 473-482 + 2 plates. id: 1151 BOULENGER, G.A. (1901): Descriptions of a new frog from British East Africa.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 8 (7): 515-516. id: 1152 BOULENGER, G.A. (1903): Descriptions of new batrachians in the British Museum.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 12 (7): 552-557. id: 1153 BOULENGER, G.A. (1905): Descriptions of new West-African frogs of the genera Petropedetes and Bulua.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 15 (7): 281-283. id: 1154 BOULENGER, G.A. (1906a): Report on the batrachians collected by the late L. FEA in West Africa.- Ann. Mus. Civi. Storia Nat., 42: 157-172 + 2 plates. id: 1155 BOULENGER, G.A. (1906b): Descriptions of new batrachians discovered by Mr. G.L. BATES in South Cameroon.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 17 (17): 317-323. id: 1156 BOULENGER, G.A. (1907a): Second report on the batrachians and reptiles collected in South Africa by. Mr. C.H.B. GRANT, and presented to the British Museum by Mr. C.D. RUDD.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1907: 478-487 + 2 plates. id: 1157 BOULENGER, G.A. (1907b): Description of a new frog discovered by Dr. W.J. ANSORGE in Mossamedes, Angola.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7) 20: 109. id: 1158 BOULENGER, G.A. (1910): A revised list of the South African reptiles and batrachiens, with synoptic tables, with special reference to the specimen in the South African Museum, and description of new species.- Ann. S. Afr. Mus, 5: 455-543. id: 1159 BOULENGER, G.A. (1912): Descriptions of new African batrachians preserved in the British Museum.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 10: 140-142. id: 1160 BOULENGER, G.A. (1915): On two new tree-frogs.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1915: 243. id: 1161 BOULENGER, G.A. (1917): Descriptions of new frogs of the genus Rana.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 20: 413-418. id: 1162 BOULENGER, G.A. (1919a): Batraciens et reptiles recueillis par le Dr. C. CHRISTY au Congo Belge dans les districts de Stanleyville, Haut-Uele et Ituri en 1912-1914.- Rev. Zool. afr., 1919: 1-29. id: 1163 BOULENGER, G.A. (1919b): On Rana ornatissima, BOCAGE, and R. ruddi; BLRG.- Trans. R. Soc. South Africa, 8: 33-37. id: 1164 BOURGAT, R. (1981): Aide de l'helminthologie a la connaissance des amphibiens.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 17: 353-357. id: 1165 BOURQUIN, O. (1985): A note on Hemisus marmoratum, compiled from the narrative of D.J. BOURQUIN.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 81: 210. id: 1166 BOWKER, R.C. & M.H. BOWKER (1979): Abundance and distribution of anurans in a Kenyan pond.- Copeia, 1979: 278-285. id: 1167 BOYCOTT, R. (1989): Evidence of tactile communication during courtship in Heleophryne (Anura: Heleophrynidae).- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 35: 12-13. id: 1168 BRANCH, W.R. (Ed.)(1988): A provisional and annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of Southern Africa.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 34: 1-19. id: 1169 BRANCH, W.R. (1990): The herpetofauna of the Cape Province, South Africa: New distribution records and zoogeography.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 37: 17-44. id: 1170 BRANCH, W.R. & H. BRAACK (1990): Reptiles and amphibians of the Karoo National Park: A surprising diversity.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 36: 26-35. id: 1171 BRANCH, W.R. & H. BRAACK (1995): A new toad from Paradise.- Madoqua, 19: 15-23. id: 1172 BRAUER, K. (1991): Kroeten.- Urania, Leipzig, 190 pp. id: 1173 BRINGSOEE, H. (1995): Erstnachweis von Hylarana albolabris (HALLOWELL, 1856) fuer Togo.- herpetofauna, 17 (96): 26. id: 1174 BRINGSOEE, H. (1998): Afrikansk gravefroe, Pyxicephalus adspersus.- Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening, 41: 50-59. id: 1175 BROADLEY, D.G. (1971): The reptiles and amphibians of Zambia.- The Puku, Occ. Pap. Dept. Wildlife, Fisheries and National Parks, Zambia, No. 6: 1-143. id: 1176 BROADLEY, D.G. (1991): The herpetofauna of northern Mwinilunga district, north-western Zambia.- Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9: 519-538. id: 1177 BROADLEY, D.G. (1992): Reptiles and amphibians from the Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique.- Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9: 539-548. id: 1178 BURTON, J. (1972): Animals of the African year, the ecology of East Africa.- Peter Lowe, Weert, 173 pp. id: 1179 CANNATELLA, D.C. & L. TRUEB (1988a): Evolution of pipoid frogs: intergeneric relationships of the aquatic frog family Pipidae (Anura).- Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 94: 1-38. id: 1180 CANNATELLA, D.C. & L. TRUEB (1988b): Evolution of pipoid frogs: Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudhymenochirus.- J. Herpetol., 22: 439-456. id: 1181 CAPOCACCIA, L. (1957): Catalogo dei tipi di Anfibi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova.- Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova, 69: 208-222. id: 1182 CHABANAUD, P. (1919a): Description d'une espece nouvelle de batraciens du Senegal.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 1919: 454-455. id: 1183 CHABANAUD, P. (1919b): Enumeration des batraciens non encore etudies de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise, appartenant a la collection du museum.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 1919: 456-557. id: 1184 CHABANAUD, P. (1920): Contribution a l'etude de la faune herpetologique de l'Afrique Occidentale. Note preliminaire sur les resultats d'une mission scientifique en Guinee francaise (1919-1920).- Bull. com. et. hist. sci. AOF, 1920: 489-497. id: 1185 CHABANAUD, P. (1921): Contribution a l'etude de la faune herpetologique de l'Afrique Occidentale.- Bull. com. et. hist. sci. AOF, 1921: 445-472. id: 1186 CHANNING, A. (1972): A description of Bufo pusillus tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae).- Ann. Natal Mus., 21: 509-511. id: 1187 CHANNING, A. (1973): A description of Bufo pardalis tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae).- Zool. Afr., 8: 153-156. id: 1188 CHANNING, A. (1974/75): Notes on Phrynomerus annectens: the red-spotted frog.- Namib und Meer, 5/6: 33-36. id: 1189 CHANNING, A. (1976a): Life histories of frogs in the Namib Desert.- Zool. Afr., 11: 299-312. id: 1190 CHANNING, A. (1976b): Premating isolation in the genus Kassina in southern Africa.- J. Herpetol., 10: 19-23. id: 1191 CHANNING, A. (1978): A new bufonid genus (Amphibia: Anura) from Rhodesia.- Herpetologica, 34: 394-397. id: 1192 CHANNING, A. (1981): Southern origin of the African genus Strongylopus TSCHUDI, 1838 (Amphibia Ranidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No.15: 333-336. id: 1193 CHANNING, A. (1989a): A re-evaluation of the phylogeny of the Old World treefrogs.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 24: 116-131. id: 1194 CHANNING, A. (1989b): Comments on a review of the amphibians of Natal.- Lammergeyer, 40: 1-3. id: 1195 CHANNING, A. (1989c): Opportunistic seasonal breeding by frogs in Namaqualand.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 35: 19-24. id: 1196 CHANNING, A. (1989): New frog records from the eastern Caprivi Strip, South West Africa/Namibia.- Madoqua, 16: 1-4. id: 1197 CHANNING, A. (1991): An illustrated key to the frogs of Namibia.- Madoqua, 17: 227-232. id: 1198 CHANNING, A. (1993): A new grass frog from Namibia.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 28: 142-145. id: 1199 CHANNING, A. (1995): The relationship between Breviceps (Anura: Microhylidae) and Hemisus (Hemisotidae) remains equivocal.- J. Herptol. Ass. Afr., 44: 55-57. id: 1200 CHANNING, A. & J.P. BOGART (1996): Description of a tetraploid Tomopterna (Anura: Ranidae) from South Africa.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 31: 80-85. id: 1201 CHANNING, A. & R. C. BOYCOTT (1989): A new frog genus and species from the Mountains of the Southwestern Cape, South Africa (Anura: Ranidae).- Copeia, 1989: 467-471. id: 1202 CHANNING, A. & D.G. BROADLEY (1992): The tadpole of Kassina kuvangensis.- Alytes, 10: 105-112. id: 1203 CHANNING, A. & M.-D. CRAPON DE CAPRONA (1987): The tadpole of Hyperolius mitchelli.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 22: 235-237. id: 1204 CHANNING, A. & R.C. DREWES (1997): Description of the tadpole of Bufo kisoloensis.- Alytes, 15: 13-18. id: 1205 CHANNING, A. & M. GRIFFIN (1993): An annotated checklist of the frogs of Namibia.- Madoqua, 18: 101-116. id: 1206 CHANNING, A., D. HENDRICKS & A. DAWOOD (1994): Description of a new moss frog from the south-western Cape (Anura: Ranidae: Arthroleptella).- S. Afr. J. Zool., 29: 240-243. id: 1207 CHANNING, A., PREEZ DU L. & N. PASSMORE (1994): Status, vocalization and breeding biology of two species of African bullfrogs (Ranidae: Pyxicephalus).- J. Zool., 234: 141-148. id: 1208 CHAPMAN, B.M. & R.F. CHAPMAN (1958): A field study of a population of leopard toads (Bufo regularis regularis).- J. Anim. Ecol., 27: 265-286. id: 1209 CHERCI, M.A. (1958): Note su Chiromantis petersii kelleri e sui suoi nidi.- Atti. soc. ital. Sci. nat., 97: 167-171. id: 1210 CHERRY, M.I. (1992a): Sexual selection in the leopard toad, Bufo pardalis.- Behaviour, 120: 164-176. id: 1211 CHERRY, M.I. (1992b): Body size, age and reproduction in the leopard toad, Bufo pardalis.- J. Zool., 228: 41-50. id: 1212 CHERRY, M.I. (1993): Seexual selection in the raucous toad, Bufo rangeri.- Anim. Behav., 45: 359-373. id: 1213 CHERRY, M.I. & W.S. GRANT (1994): Phylogenetic relationships and call structure in four African bufonid species.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 29: 1-10. id: 1214 CHOVANEC, A. (1992): The influence of tadpole swimming behaviour on predation by dragonfly nymphs.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 13: 341-349. id: 1215 CLARKE, B. T. (1981): Comparative osteology and evolutionary relationships in the African Raninae (Anura Ranidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 14: 285-331. id: 1216 CLARKE, B.T. (1988): The amphibian fauna of the East African rainforests, including the description of a new species of toad, genus Nectophrynoides.- Trop. Zool., 1: 169-177. id: 1217 COE, M.J. (1967): Co-operation of three males in nest construction by Chiromantis rufescens GUENTHER (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae).- Nature, 214: 112-113. id: 1218 COE, M. (1974): Observations on the ecology and breeding biology of the genus Chiromantis (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae).- J. Zool., London, 172: 13-34. id: 1219 COMBAZ, C. & L.P. KNOEPFFLER (1967): Parasites d'amphibiens du Gabon Haematoloechidae (Digenea).- Biologia Gabonica, 3: 141-145. id: 1220 COMBAZ, C. & L.P. KNOEPFFLER (1970): Les amphibiens et le milieu.- Vie Milieu, C, 21: 159-173. id: 1221 COPE, E.D. (1860): Descriptions of new species of the reptilian genera Hyperolius, Liuperus and Tropidodipsas.- Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860: 517-518. id: 1222 COTT, H.B. (1932): The Zoological Society's Expedition to the Zambesi, 1927: No. 4. On the ecology of tree-frogs in the lower Zambesi valley, with special reference to predatory habits considered in relation to the theory of warning colours and mimicry.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1: 471-451 + 2 plates. id: 1223 CRUMP, M.L. (1974): Reproductive strategies in a tropical anuran community.- Univ. Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist., Miscellaneous Publ. No. 61: 1-68. id: 1224 CURRY-LINDAHL, K. (1956): Ecological studies on mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in the Eastern Belgian Congo.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., 42: 1-78 + 23 plates. id: 1225 DECKERT, K. (1939): Beitraege zur Osteologie und Systematik ranider Froschlurche.- Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 127-184. id: 1226 DEJEAN, A. & J.-L. AMIET (1992): Un cas de myrmecophilie inattendu: la cohabitation de l'anoure Kassina senegalensis avec la fourmi Megaponera foetens.- Alytes, 10 (1): 31-36. id: 1227 DEVILLIERS, A.L. (1997): The endangered micro frog threatened by mining.- African Herp News, No. 26: 6-7. id: 1228 DEVILLIERS, A.L. (1997): Monitoring the distribution and conservation states of threatened amphibians in the Southwestern Cape.- In: VANWYK, I.H. (Ed.): Proceedings of the Fitzsimons Commemorative Symposium South African Lizards: 50 years of progress and third H.A.A. Symposium on African Herpetology: 142-148. id: 1229 DOCHERTY, S, P.J. BISHOP & N.I. PASSMORE (1995): Calling behavior and male condition in the frog Hyperolius marmoratus.- J. Herpetol., 29: 616-618. id: 1230 DOUGLAS, R. (1990): Cacosternum boettgeri, dainty frog, feeding, predation and termites.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 37: 45. id: 1231 DOUGLAS, R.M. (1995): Pyxicephalus adspersus highvield bullfrog juvenile growth.- African Herp News, 24: 20-21. id: 1232 DREWES, R.C. (1972): Report on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from the Ilemi Triangle, southwestern Sudan.- Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 100: 1-14. id: 1233 DREWES, R.C. (1984): A phylogenetic analysis of the Hyperoliidae (Anura): Treefrogs of Africa, Madagascar, and the Seychelles Islands.- Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 139: 1-70. id: 1234 DREWES, R.C. (1985): A case of paraphyly in the genus Kassina GIRARD, 1853 (Anura: Hyperoliidae).- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 186-190. id: 1235 DREWES, R.C. (1997): A new species of treefrog from the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania (Anura: Hyperoliidae: Hyperolius).- Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 49 (13): 439-446. id: 1236 DREWES, R.C. & R. ALTIG (1996): Anuran egg predation and heterocannibalism in a breeding community of East African frogs.- Trop. Zool., 9: 333-347. id: 1237 DREWES, R.C. & B. ROTH (1981): Snail-eating frogs from the Ethiopian highlands: a new anuran specialization.- Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 73: 267-287. id: 1238 DREWES, R.C. & J.V. VINDUM (1994): Amphibians of the impenetrable forest, Southwest Uganda.- J. Afr. Zool., 108: 55-70. id: 1239 DREWES, R.C., R. ALTIG & K.M. HOWELL (1989): Tadpoles of three frog species endemic to the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 10: 435-443. id: 1240 DREWES, R.C., S.S. HILLMAN, R.W. PUTMAN & O.M. SOKOL (1977): Water, nitrogen and ion balance in the African treefrog Chiromantis petersi BOULENGER (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with comments on the structure of the integument.- J. comp. Physiol. 116: 257-267. id: 1241 DRINKROW, D.R. & M.I. CHERRY (1995): Anuran distribution, diversity and conservation in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 30: 82-90. id: 1242 DUBOIS, A. (1981): Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs especes-types: consequences nomenclaturales.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 13: 225-284. id: 1243 DUBOIS, A. (1984a): Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (I).- Alytes, 3: 39-43. id: 1244 DUBOIS, A. (1984b): La nomenclature supragenerique des amphibiens anoures.- Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Ser. A, 131 : 1-56. id: 1245 DUBOIS, A. (1988): Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (XVII).- Alytes, 7: 1-5. id: 1246 DUBOIS, A. (1992): Notes sur la classification des Ranidae (Amphibiens Anoures).- Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon, 61: 305-352. id: 1247 DUELLMAN, W.E. (1986): Plate tectonic, phylogenetic systematics and vicariance biogeography of anurans: Methodology for unresolved problems.- In: ROCEK, Z. (Hrsg.): Stud. Herpetol.: 59-62. id: 1248 DUELLMAN, W.E. (1992): Fortpflanzungsstrategien von Froeschen.- Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 9/1992: 64-74. id: 1249 DUELLMAN, W.E. (1993a): Amphibian species of the world: additions and corrections.- Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., Special Publications No. 21, 372 pp. id: 1250 DUELLMAN, W.E. (1993b): Amphibians in Africa and South America: Evolutionary history and ecological comparisons.- In: GOLDBLATT, P. (Ed.): Biological relationships between Africa and South America, Yale University Press, New Haven & London: 200-243. id: 1251 DUELLMAN, W.E. & L. TRUEB (1986): Biology of Amphibians.- McGraw-Hill, New York, 670 pp. id: 1252 DUFF-MACKAY, A. & A. SCHIOETZ (1971): A new Hyperolius (Amphibia Anura) from Kenya.- J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus., 29: 1-3. id: 1253 DURAND, J.-R. & C. LEVEQUE (1981): Flore et Faune aquatique de l'Afrique sahelo-soudanienne, Tome II, ORSTOM, documentations techniques no. 45, 873 pp. id: 1254 DUPOUY, J. & J.-L. AMIET (1977): Protopolystoma xenopi (PRICE, 1943) (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) chez Xenopus fraseri BOULENGER (Anura: Pipidae) au Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 23-24: 87-97. id: 1255 DUPREEZ, L.H. (1995): Anuran community structure in the Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, South Africa.- Madoqua, 19: 25-29. id: 1256 DUPREEZ, L. (1996): Field guide and key to the frogs and toads of the Free State.- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Bloemfontain, 81 pp. id: 1257 DYSON, M.L. (1985): The effect of call sound pressure level on selective phonotaxis of female Hyperolius marmoratus.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 209. id: 1258 DYSON, M.L. & N.I. PASSMORE (1988): Two-choice phonotaxis in Hyperolius marmoratus: the effect of temporal variation in presented stimuli.- Anim. Behav., 36: 648-652. id: 1259 DYSON, M.L. & N.I. PASSMORE (1992a): Effect of intermale spacing on female frequency preferences in the painted reed frog.- Copeia, 1992: 1111-1114. id: 1260 DYSON, M.L. & N.I. PASSMORE (1992b): Inter-male spacing and aggression in African painted reed frogs.- Ethology, 91: 237-247. id: 1261 DYSON, M.L., S.P. HENZI, & N.I. PASSMORE (1994): The effect of changes in the relative timing of signals during female phonotaxis in the reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Anim. Behav., 48: 679-685. id: 1262 DYSON, M.L., S.P. HENZI, T.R. HALLIDAY & L. BARRETT (1998): Success breeds success in mating male reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus).- Proc. R. Soc. London, B, 265: 1417-1421. id: 1263 DYSON, M.L., N.I. PASSMORE, P.I. BISHOP & S.P. HENZI (1992): Male behavior and correlates of mating success in a natural population of African painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus).- Herpetologica, 48: 236-246. id: 1264 EUSKIRCHEN, O., A. SCHMITZ & W. BOEHME (1999): Zur Herpetofauna einer montanen Regenwaldregion in SW-Kamerun (Mt. Kupe und Bakossi-Bergland) II. Arthroleptidae, Ranidae und Phrynobatrachidae.- herpetofauna, 21 (122): 25-34. id: 1265 EUZET, L. C. COMBAZ, & L.-P. KNOEPFFLER (1966): Parasites d'amphibiens du Gabon: Polystomatidae (Monogenea).- Biologia Gabonica, 2: 215-233. id: 1266 EUZET, L. C. COMBAZ, & L.-P. KNOEPFFLER (1969): Parasites d'amphibiens de Cote d'Ivoire et du Liberia: Polystomatidae (Monogenea).- Biologia Gabonica, 3: 217-221. id: 1267 EVANS, B.J., J.C. MORALES, M.D. PICKER, D.J. MELNICK & D.B. KELLEY (1998): Absence of extensive introgression between Xenopus gilli and Xenopus laevis laevis (Anura: Pipidae) in Southwestern Cape Province, South Africa.- Copeia, 1998: 504-509. id: 1268 FAHR, J. (1993): Ein Beitrag zur Biologie der Amphibien der Insel Sao Tome (Golf von Guinea).- Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 19: 75-84. id: 1269 FAHR, J. (1996): Die Chiroptera der Elfenbeinkueste (unter Beruecksichtigung des westafrikanischen Raumes): Taxonomie, Habitatpraeferenzen und Lebensgemeinschaften.- unpublished diploma thesis, University of Wuerzburg, 204 pp. + 36 maps. id: 1270 FAHR, J. (1998): Die Sandlaufkaefer (Coleoptera: Cicindilidae) des Comoe-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinkueste: Faunistik, Zoogeographie und Oekologie.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 47: 321-343. id: 1271 FAIN, A. & R.C. TINSLEY (1993): A new Xenopacarus (Acari, Ereynetidae) from the nasal cavities of Xenopus sp. (fraseri group), with a discussion on the evolution host-parasite.- J. Afr. Zool., 107: 513-517. id: 1272 FGU-KRONBERG (1979): Gegenwaertiger Status der Comoe- und Tai-Nationalparks sowie des Azagny-Reservats und Vorschlaege zu deren Erhaltung und Entwicklung zur Foerderung des Tourismus.- GTZ PN: 73.2085.6, Band II: Comoe-Nationalpark, Teil 1: Bestandsaufnahme der oekologischen und biologischen Verhaeltnisse. 236 pp. id: 1273 FISCHBERG, M. B. COLOMBELLI & J.-J. PICARD (1982): Diagnose preliminaire d'une espece nouvelle de Xenopus du Zaire.- Alytes, 1: 53-55. id: 1274 FISCHER, E. & H. HINKEL (1992): Natur Ruandas, La Nature du Rwanda; Einfuehrung in die Flora und Fauna Ruandas, Apercu sur la flore et la faune rwandaises.- Materialien zur Partnerschaft Rheinland-Pfalz/Ruanda, 1992/1, Mainz, 437 pp. id: 1275 FISCHER, F. (1995): Untersuchungen der Kob-Antilope im Comoe-Nationalpark in Westafrika.- Natur und Museum, 125: 155-166. id: 1276 FISCHER, F. & M. GROSS (1998): Die Avifauna des Comoe-Nationalparks in der Republik Elfenbeinkueste, Westafrika.- Natur & Museum, 128: 97-112. id: 1277 FISCHER, F. & K.E. LINSENMAIER (1999): The territorial system of the kob antelop (Kobus kob kob) in the Comoe National Park, Cote d'Ivoire.- Afr. J. Ecol., 37:386-399. id: 1278 FISCHER, J.G. (1884): Ueber einige afrikanische Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg.- Jahresb. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 1884: 1-32 + 3 plates. id: 1279 FISCHER, J.G. (1889): Ueber zwei neue Schlangen und einen neuen Laubfrosch von Kamerun.- Jb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., 5 (1888): 3-10. id: 1280 FLEISCHACK, P.C. & C.P. SMALL (1978): The vocalizations and breeding behaviour of Kassina senegalensis (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in summer breeding aggregations.- Koedoe, 21: 91-99. id: 1281 FORGE, P. & R. BARBAULT (1977): Ecologie de la reproduction et du developpement larvaire d'un amphibien deserticole Bufo pentoni ANDERSON, 1893, au Senegal.- Terre Vie, 31: 117-125. id: 1282 FORGE, P. & R. BARBAULT (1978): Observations sur le regime alimentaire de deux amphibiens sympatriques du Sahel senegalais: Bufo pentoni et Tomoptera delalandi.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 40: 674-684. id: 1283 FRANCILLON, H., R. BARBAULT, J. CASTANET & A. DE RICQLES (1984): Etude complementaire sur la biologie de l'amphibien deserticole Bufo pentoni: Donnees de squelettochronologie et d'ecodemographie.- Terre Vie, 39: 208-224. id: 1284 FRETEY, T. & M. DEWYNTER (1998): Amphibiens anoures de la foret des Abeilles (Gabon).- J. Afr. Zool., 112: 171-184. id: 1285 FROST, D.R. (Ed.)(1985): Amphibian species of the world, a taxonomic and geographical reference.- The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, 732 pp. id: 1286 FROST, D.R. & J.M. SAVAGE (1987): Gender of Hemisus and correct formation of the family-group name.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 33: 24. id: 1287 GEERLING, C. & J. BOKDAM (1971): The Senegal Kob, Adenota kob kob (ERXLEBEN), in the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast.- Mammalia, 35: 17-24. id: 1288 GEERLING, C. & J. BOKDAM (1973): Fauna of the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast.- Biol. Conserv., 5: 251-257. id: 1289 GEISE, W. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1986): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, II. Some aspects of the water economy of Hyperolius viridiflavus nitidulus under wet and dry season conditions.- Oecologia, 68: 542-548. id: 1290 GEISE, W. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1988): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, IV. Ecological significance of water economy with comments on thermoregulation and energy allocation.- Oecologia, 77: 327-338. id: 1291 GLAW, F. & M. VENCES (1994): A fieldguide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar.- Vences & Glaw Verlag, Bonn, 480 pp. id: 1292 GLAW, F., M. VENCES & W. BOEHME (1998): Systematic revision of the genus Aglyptodactylus BOULENGER, 1919 (Amphibia: Ranidae), and analysis of its phylogenetic relationships to other Madagascan ranid genera (Tomopterna, Boophis, Mantidactylus, and Mantella).- J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research, 36: 17-37. id: 1293 GORHAM, S.W. (1966): Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Ascaphidae, Leiopelmatidae, Pipidae, Discoglossidae, Pelobatidae, Leptodactylidae, Rhinophrynidae.- In: MERTENS, R. & W. HENNIG (Ed.): Das Tierreich, Lieferung 85, de Gruyter, Berlin: 1-222. id: 1294 GOSNER, K.L. (1960): A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification.- Herpetologica, 16: 183-190. id: 1295 GRADWELL, N. (1974): Description of the tadpole of Phrynomerus annectens and comments on its gill irrigation mechanism.- Herpetologica, 30: 53-62. id: 1296 GRAFE, U. (1988): Untersuchungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie und zu Lebensstrategien von Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae).- unpublished diploma thesis, University of Wuerzburg. id: 1297 GRAFE, T.U. (1995): Graded aggressive calls in the African painted reed frog Hyperolius marmoratus (Hyperoliidae).- Ethology, 101: 67-81. id: 1298 GRAFE, T.U. (1996a): The function of call alteration in the African reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus): precise call timing prevents auditory masking.- Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 38: 149-158. id: 1299 GRAFE, T.U. (1996b): Energetics of vocalization in the African reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus).- Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A, 114: 235-243. id: 1300 GRAFE, T.U. (1997): Costs and benefits of mate choice in the lek-breeding reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Anim. Behav., 53: 1103-1117. id: 1301 GRAFE, T.U. (1999): A function of synchronous chorusing and a novel female preference shift in an anuran.- Proc. R. Soc. London, B. id: 1302 GRAFE, T.U. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1989): Protogynous sex change in the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus.- Copeia, 1989: 1024-1029. id: 1303 GRAFE, T.U., R. SCHMUCK & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1992): Reproductive energetics of the African reed frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus.- Physiol. Zool., 65: 153-171. id: 1304 GRAFE, T.U., J.O. STEFFEN & C. STOLL (2000): Vocal repertoire and effect of advertisement call intensity on calling behaviour in the West African tree frog, Leptopelis viridis.- Amphibia-Reptilia. id: 1305 GRANDISON, A.G.C. (1978): The occurrence of Nectophrynoides (Anura Bufonidae) in Ethiopia. A new concept of the genus with a description of a new species.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 11, 6: 119-172. id: 1306 GRANDISON, A.G.C. (1980a): A new toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Republic of South Africa with remarks on its relationships.- Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 39: 293-298. id: 1307 GRANDISON, A.G.C. (1980b): Aspects of breeding morphology in Mertensophryne micranotis (Anura: Bufonidae): secondary sexual characters, eggs and tadpoles.- Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 39: 299-304. id: 1308 GRANDISON, A.G.C. & S. ASHE (1983): The distribution, behavioural ecology and breeding strategy of the pygmy toad, Mertensophryne micranotis (LOV.).- Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool.), 45: 85-93. id: 1309 GRANDISON, A.G.C. & K.M. HOWELL (1983): A new forest species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Morogoro Region, Tanzania.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 4: 117-124. id: 1310 GRIFFIN, M. (1995): Review of Namibian anuran diversity.- Madoqua, 19: 31-32. id: 1311 GRUSCHWITZ, M., S. LENZ & W. BOEHME (1991a): Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Gambia (Westafrika), Teil 1: Einfuehrung, Froschlurche (Amphibia, Anura), Schildkroeten (Reptilia, Chelonia), Krokodile (Crocodylia) und Echsen (Sauria).- herpetofauna, 13 (74): 13-22. id: 1312 GRUSCHWITZ, M., S. LENZ & W. BOEHME (1991b): Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Gambia (Westafrika), Teil 2: Schlangen (Reptilia, Serpentes), herpetofaunistische Bewertung.- herpetofauna, 13 (75): 27-34. id: 1313 GUENTHER, A. (1864a): Report on a collection of reptiles and fishes by Dr. KIRK in the Zambesi and Nyassa regions.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 303-314 + 2 plates. id: 1314 GUENTHER, A. (1864b): Descriptions of new species of batrachiens from West Africa.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 479-482 + 1 plate. id: 1315 GUENTHER, A. (1868): First account of species of tailless batrachians added to the collection of the British Museum.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868: 478-499 + 3 plates. id: 1316 GUENTHER, A. (1895): Notice of reptiles and batrachians collected in the eastern half of tropical Africa.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 15: 523-529 + 1 plate. id: 1317 GUIBE, J. (1959): Description d'un batracien nouveau de Cote d'Ivoire: Phrynobatrachus villiersi n. sp.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 31: 134-136. id: 1318 GUIBE, J. (1960): Descriptions de deux batraciens nouveaux d'Afrique du Sud: Ptychadena poyntoni n. sp. et P. smithi n. sp. (Ranides).- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 32: 200-204. id: 1319 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1953): Rana (Ptychadena) submascareniensis, batracien nouveau de l'Afrique Occidentale.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 25: 361-364. id: 1320 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1954): Etude comparee de Rana (Ptychadena) longirostris PETERS et R. (Pt.) aequiplicata WERNER.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 26: 318-321. id: 1321 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1955a): L'espece Rana (Ptychadena) bibroni HALLOWELL.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 5: 357-362. id: 1322 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1955b): Le statut systematique de Rana (Ptychadena) supercilliaris GUENTHER.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 5: 363-367. id: 1323 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1955c): Un nouveau ranide d'Afrique Occidentale: Rana (Ptychadena) tournieri n. sp.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 27: 442-446. id: 1324 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1957): Revision systematique des Ptychadena (Batraciens Anoures Ranides) d'Afrique Occidentale.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 19: 937-1003. id: 1325 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1958a): La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius).- Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, 53: 241-273. id: 1326 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1958b): Les Ptychadena (Batraciens, Ranides) du Cameroun.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 20 (4): 1448-1463. id: 1327 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1958c): Morphologie et reproduction par developpement direct d'un anoure du Mont Nimba, Arthroleptis crusculum ANGEL.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 30: 125-133. id: 1328 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1958d): Une espece nouvelle de batracien du Mont Nimba (Guinee Francaise) appartenant au genre Phrynobatrachus: Ph. maculiventris n. sp.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 30: 255-257. id: 1329 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1960): Deux especes affines de batraciens africains longtemps confondues: Ptychadena oxyrhynchus (SMITH) et Pt. abyssinica (PETERS).- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 32: 380-391. id: 1330 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1961): Deux especes nouvelles de batraciens de l'Ouest africain appartenant au genre Phrynobatrachus: Ph. guineensis n. sp. et. Ph. alticola n. sp.- Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 33: 571-576. id: 1331 GUIBE, J. & M. LAMOTTE (1963): La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XXVIII. Batraciens du genre Phrynobatrachus.- Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, 66: 601-627. id: 1332 HAAGNER, G.V. (1990): Pyxicephalus adspersus adspersus, highveld bullfrog, reproductive behaviour.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 37: 45. id: 1333 HAAGNER, G.V. & A.J.F. HAAGNER (1997): Xenopus muelleri, tropical platanna, avian predation.- African Herp News, No. 26: 22. id: 1334 HAAS, A. (1999a): Larval and metamorphic skeletal development in the fast-developing frog Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae).- Zoomorphology, 119: 23-35. id: 1335 HAAS, A. (1999b): Fortpflanzung, Wachstum und Trockenschlaf des Afrikanischen Grabfrosches (Pyxicephalus adspersus TSCHUDI, 1838) im Labor.- Salamandra, 35: 83-96. id: 1336 HALLERMANN, J. & M.-O. ROEDEL (1995): A new species of Leptotyphlops (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) of the longicaudus-group from West Africa.- Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., Ser. A. Nr. 532: 1-8. id: 1337 HALLOWELL, E. (1844a): Descriptions of new species of African reptiles.- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1844: 58-62. id: 1338 HALLOWELL, E. (1844b): Descriptions of new species of African reptiles.- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1844: 169-172. id: 1339 HALLOWELL, E. (1844c): Descriptions of new species of African reptiles.- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1844: 247-250. id: 1340 HALLOWELL, E. (1854): Remarks on the geographical distribution of reptiles, with descriptions of several species supposed to be new, and corrections of former papers.- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1854: 98-105. id: 1341 HAYES, T.B. & P. LICHT (1992): Gonadal involvement in sexual size dimorphism in the African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus).- J. Exp. Zool., 264: 130-135. id: 1342 HEDGES, N.G. (1983): Reptiles and Amphibians of East Africa.- Kenya Literature Bureau, Nairobi, 139 pp. id: 1343 HENZI, S.P., M.L. DYSON, S.E. PIPER, N.E. PASSMORE & P. BISHOP (1995): Chorus attendance by male and female painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus): environmental factors and selective pressures.- Functional Ecology, 9: 485-491 id: 1344 HERRMANN, H.-J. (1989): Ueber Haltung und Verhalten von Phrynomerus microps (PETERS 1875) (Anura: Microhylidae).- Sauria, 11: 25-26. id: 1345 HERRMANN, H.-J. (1991): Hyperolius picturatus PETERS.- Sauria, Suppl. 13: 205-206. id: 1346 HERRMANN, H.-J. (1993): Ruder- und Riedfroesche.- Tetra, Melle, 144 pp. id: 1347 HERRMANN, H.-J. (1996): Pyxicephalus adspersus.- Sauria, Suppl., 18 (3): 377-380. id: 1348 HERRMANN, H.-J. & K. KABISCH (1991): Haltung und Zucht des Gruenen Grabfrosches, Pyxicephalus adspersus TSCHUDI, 1838.- herpetofauna, 13 (73): 13-17. id: 1349 HESELHAUS, R. (1992): Tropische Laubfroesche.- Ulmer, Stuttgart, 96 pp. id: 1350 HESS, A., A. CHANNING & D. HENDRICKS (1995): Genetic variation between two subspecies of reedfrogs in the genus Hyperolius (Anura: Hyperoliidae).- Madoqua, 19: 33-36. id: 1351 HEYER, E. (1988): Witterung und Klima, Eine allgemeine Klimatologie.- Teubner, Leipzig, 344 pp. id: 1352 HEYER, W.R. (1973): Ecological interactions of frog larvae at a seasonal tropical location in Thailand.- J. Herpetol., 7: 337-361. id: 1353 HEYER, W.R. (1974): Niche measurements of frog larvae from a seasonal tropical location in Thailand.- Ecology, 55: 651-656. id: 1354 HEYER, W.R. (1975): Tadpoles, predation and pond habitats in the tropics.- Biotropica, 7: 100-111. id: 1355 HEYER, W.R. (1976): Studies in larval amphibian partioning.- Smithsonian contrib. Zool., no. 242: 1-27. id: 1356 HEYER, W.R. (1979): Annual variation in larval amphibian populations within a temperate pond.- J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 69: 65-74. id: 1357 HINKEL, H. (1996): Zur Flora und Fauna der Waelder Ruandas/Zentralafrika. III. Der Nyungwe Wald. Teil 2: Kommentierte Artenliste der Herpetofauna des Nyungwe-Waldes mit Neunachweisen.- Mainzer naturwiss. Archiv, 34: 55-81. id: 1358 HOFFMAN, A.C. (1942): Investigations on the anatomical characters of the genus Kassina, together with descriptions of the different species and of two new subspecies.- Sooel. Nav. Nas. Mus. Bloemfontein, 12: 111-166. id: 1359 HOOGMOED, M.S. (1979): Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana.- Lacerta, 37: 164-168. id: 1360 HOOGMOED, M.S. (1980): Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana II.- Lacerta, 38: 10-20. id: 1361 HOOGMOED, M.S. & S.J. GORZULA (1979): Checklist of the savanna inhabiting frogs of the El Manteco region with notes on their ecology and the description of a new species of treefrog (Hylidae, Anura).- Zool. Mededel., 54: 183-216. id: 1362 HOWELL, K.M. (1981): The female of Leptopelis argentatus argentatus.- J. Herpetol., 15: 113-114. id: 1363 HOWELL, K.M. (1993): Herpetofauna of the eastern African forests.- In: LOVETT, J.C. & S.K. WASSER (Ed.): Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 173-201. id: 1364 HUGHES, B. (1979): Feeding habits of the frog Aubria subsigillata in Ghana.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 41: 654-663. id: 1365 HUGHES, B. (1988): Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa).- Brit. Herp. Soc. Bull., 25: 29-38. id: 1366 HULSELMANS, J.L.J. (1970): Preliminary notes on African Bufonidae.- Rev. Zool. afr., 81: 149-155. id: 1367 HULSELMANS, J.L.J. (1977a): Description of a new subspecies Bufo kerinyagae ethiopicae and of a new species Bufo bisidanae from Ethiopia (Amphibia, Bufonidae).- Rev. Zool. afr., 91: 403-414. id: 1368 HULSELMANS, J.L.J. (1977b): Further notes on African Bufonidae, with descriptions of new species and subspecies (Amphibia, Bufonidae).- Rev. Zool. afr., 91: 512-524. id: 1369 HUSELMANS, J.L.J. (1977c): Notes on a collection of toads from Ethiopia and Somalia.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 9: 137-145. id: 1370 HULSELMANS, J.L.J. (1978): Biometrical relationships within the African Bufo regularis-complex (Amphibia, Anura).- Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 107: 69-78. id: 1371 INGER, R.F. & B. GREENBERG (1956): Morphology and seasonal development of sex characters in two sympatric African toads.- J. Morph., 99: 549-574. id: 1372 INGER, R. & H. MARX (1961): The food of amphibians.- In: MISSION G.F. DE WITTE: Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Institut des parcs nationaux du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi, Fasc. 64: 1-86. id: 1373 INGER, R.F. & J.I. MENZIES (1961): A new species of toad (Bufo) from Sierra Leone.- Field. Zool., 39: 589-594. id: 1374 ISAACS, J.S. (1971): Temporal stability of vertebral stripe color in a cricket frog population.- Copeia, 1971: 551-552. id: 1375 JACKSON, J.A., R.C. TINSLEY & S. KIGOOLO (1998): Polyploidy and parasitic infection in Xenopus species from Western Uganda.- Herpetol. J., 8: 19-22. id: 1376 JACOBSEN, N.H.G. (1982): Cavernicolous amphibians.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 28: 17-19. id: 1377 JAEGER, R.G. (1971): Toxic reaction to the skin secretions of the frog, Phrynomerus bifasciatus.- Copeia, 1971: 160-161. id: 1378 JENNIONS, M.D., P.R.Y. BACKWELL & N.I. PASSMORE (1992): Breeding behaviour of the African frog, Chiromantis xerampelina: multiple spawning and polyandry.- Anim. Behav., 44: 1091-1100. id: 1379 JENNIONS,-M.D., P.R.Y. BACKWELL & N.I. PASSMORE (1995): Repeatability of mate choice: the effect of size in the African painted reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Anim. Behav., 49: 181-186. id: 1380 JOGER, U. (1981): Zur Herpetofaunistik Westafrikas.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 32: 297-340. id: 1381 JOGER, U. (1982): Zur Herpetofaunistik Kameruns (II).- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 33: 313-342. id: 1382 JOGER, U. (1990): The herpetofauna of the Central African Republic, with description of a new species of Rhinotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae).- In: PETERS, G. & R. HUTTERER (Ed.): Vertebrates in the tropics, Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn: 85-102 id: 1383 JOGER, U. & R.K. LAMBERT (1996): Analysis of the herpetofauna of the Republic of Mali, I. Annotated inventory, with description of a new Uromastyx (Sauria: Agamidae).- J. Afr. Zool., 110 (1): 21-51. id: 1384 JOGER, U. & R.K. LAMBERT (1997): Analysis of the herpetofauna of the Republic of Mali, II. Species diversity and biogeographical assemblages.- In: ULRICH, H. (Ed.): Tropical biodiversity and systematics. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Biodiversity and Systematics in Tropical Ecosystems, Bonn, 1994. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, 1997: 189-202. id: 1385 JOHNSTON, H. (1906): Chapter XXV, Fauna: Reptiles, amphibians, and fish.- Liberia, Vol. II, Hutchinson & Co., London: 807-838. id: 1386 JONES, S. (1991): The Gambian dwarf crocodile project, preliminary report 1990.- South Western Herpetological Society, 2: 11-17. id: 1387 KAPPEL, T., R.H. ANKEN, U.I. BALSHUESEMANN, S. BEINROTH, D. BREMEN & M.G. ILZHOEFER (1996): Der afrikanische Krallenfrosch Xenopus laevis.- Aquaria, 43: 21-23. id: 1388 KAMINSKY, S.K., K.E. LINSENMAIR & T.U. GRAFE (1999): Reproductive timing, nest construction and tadpole guidance in the African pig-nosed frog, Hemisus marmoratus.- J. Herpetol., 33: 119-123. id: 1389 KAUPP, A. & M.-O. ROEDEL (1996): Die Fuehlerkaefer der Elfenbeinkueste, Faunistik und Phaenologie (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae).- Koleopterologische Rundschau, 66: 7-17. id: 1390 KAUPP, A. & M.-O. ROEDEL (1997): Ein neuer westafrikanischer Paussus LINNAEUS aus der P. favieri Gruppe (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae).- Koleopterologische Rundschau, 67: 5-12. id: 1391 KEITH, R. (1968): A new species of Bufo from Africa, with comments on the toads of the Bufo regularis complex.- Am. Mus. Nov., 2345: 1-22. id: 1392 KLEMENS, M.W. (1998): The male nuptial characteristics of Arthroleptides martiensseni NEIDEN, an endemic torrent frog from Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains.- Herpetol. J., 8: 35-40. id: 1393 KNOEPFFLER, L.-P. (1966): Cryptohylax greshoffi (Amphibia Salientia, Rhacophoridae).- Biologia Gabonica, 2: 157-161. id: 1394 KNOEPFFLER, L.-P. (1967a): Bufo petiti n. sp. crapaud nain de la foret gabonaise.- Biologia Gabonica, 3: 249-252. id: 1395 KNOEPFFLER, L.-P. (1967b): Decription du tetard de Bufo camerunensis camerunensis (PARKER, 1936).- Biologia Gabonica, 3: 403-406. id: 1396 KNOEPFFLER, L.-P. (1968): Xenopus fraseri x Xenopus tropicalis, hybride naturel d'amphibiens anoures au Gabon.- C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. D, 265: 1391-1393. id: 1397 KNOEPFFLER, L.-P. (1976): Food habitats of Aubria subsigillata in Gabon.- Zool. Afr., 11: 369-371. id: 1398 KOBEL, H.R. (1981): Evolutionary trends in Xenopus (Anura Pipidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 8: 119-131. id: 1399 KOBEL, H.R., B. BARANDUN & C.H. THIEBAUD (1998): Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny in Xenopus.- Herpetol. J., 8:13-17. id: 1400 KOBELT, F. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1986): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, I. The skin of Hyperolius viridiflavus nitidulus in wet and dry season conditions.- Oecologia, 68: 533-541. id: 1401 KOBELT, F. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1992): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, VI. The iridophores in the skin as radiation reflectors.- J. comp. Physiol., B, 162: 314-326. id: 1402 KOENIG, P. & K.A. BLEY (1988): Von Marokko zur Elfenbeinkueste - zur Pflanzenwelt des westlichen Afrika.- Natur und Museum, 118: 1-22. id: 1403 KOFRON, C.P. & C.G. SCHMITT (1992): Death-feigning in a West African tree frog.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 13: 405-407. id: 1404 KOK, D. & L.H. DUPREEZ (1989): Channel construction by the African bullfrog: Another anuran parental care strategy.- J. Herpetol., 23: 435-437. id: 1405 KOK, D., L.H. DUPREEZ & A. KOK (1997): Anuran diversity in pure grassland as determined by pitfall trapping.- J. Afr. Zool., 111: 437-440. id: 1406 KORB, J. (1997): Lokale und regionale Verteilung von Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae): Stochastik oder Deterministik.- Wissenschaft & Technik, Berlin, 158 pp. id: 1407 KORB, J. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1998a): The effects of temperature on the architecture and distribution of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) mounds in different habitats of a West African Guinea savanna.- Insects soc., 45: 51-65. id: 1408 KORB, J. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1998b): Experimental heating of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) mounds: what role does microclimate play in influencing mound architecture?.- Insects soc., 45: 335-342. id: 1409 KORB, J. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1999): The architecture of termite mounds: a result of a trade-off between thermoregulation and gas exchange.- Behav. Ecol., 10: 312-316. id: 1410 KRELL, F.-T. & M. WILD (1988/89): Systematique et faunistique des arthropodes de l'Afrique Occidentale avec accent sur les coleopteres Scarabaeoidea et les Aranae.- Comission du Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Rapports Annuels 1988-1989: 46-49. id: 1411 KUEHN, E.R., H. GEVAERTS, G. JACOBS & G. VANDORPE (1987): Reproductive cycle, thyroxine and corticosterone in females of the giant swamp frog Dicroglossus occipitalis at the Equator.- Gen. Comp. Endocrinology, 66: 137-144. id: 1412 KUZMIN, S.L. (1995): Die Amphibien Russlands und angrenzender Gebiete.- Die Neue Brehm Buecherei Bd. 627, Westarp, Magdeburg, 274 pp. id: 1413 LAMBERT, M.R.K. (1987): More of the herpetofauna in the Commonwealth (Ethiopian Zone).- Brit. Herpetol. Soc. Bull., 21: 13-22. id: 1414 LAMBIRIS, A.J.L. (1988a): A review of the amphibiens of Natal.- Lammergeyer, 39: 1-210. id: 1415 LAMBIRIS, A.J.L. (1988b): Frogs and toads of the Natal Drakensberg, Ukhahlamba Series No. 3, University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, 62 pp. id: 1416 LAMBIRIS, A.J.L. (1989): The frogs of Zimbabwe.- Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, Monografia X, 247 pp. id: 1417 LAMOTTE, M. (1959): Observations ecologiques sur les populations naturelles de Nectophrynoides occidentalis (Fam. Bufonidae).- Bull. Biol., 4: 355-413. id: 1418 LAMOTTE, M. (1961): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XII.- Le developpement larvaire de Cardioglossa leucomystax BLGR.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 23: 211-216. id: 1419 LAMOTTE, M. (1963): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XVII.- Le developpement larvaire de Hymenochirus (Pseudhymenochirus) merlini CHABANAUD.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 25: 944-953. id: 1420 LAMOTTE, M. (1964): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XVIII.- Le developpement larvaire de Phrynomantis microps PETERS.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 26: 228-237. id: 1421 LAMOTTE, M. (1966): Types de repartition geographique de quelques batraciens dans l'Ouest Africain.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 28: 1140-1148. id: 1422 LAMOTTE, M. (1967a): Le probleme des Ptychadena (Fam. Ranidae) du groupe mascareniensis dans l'Ouest Africain.- Bull. Mus Natl. Hist. Nat., 2e Ser., 39: 647-656. id: 1423 LAMOTTE, M. (1967b): Les batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire).- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 29: 218-294. id: 1424 LAMOTTE, M. (1969): Le parc national du Niokolo-Koba, Fasciule III; XXX. Amphibiens (deuxieme note).- Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, 84: 420-426. id: 1425 LAMOTTE, M. (1971): Le Massif des Monts Loma (Sierra Leone), Fasciule I; XIX. Amphibiens.- Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, 86: 397-407. id: 1426 LAMOTTE, M. (1977): Tendances adaptives a l'affranchissement du milieu aquatique chez les amphibiens anoures.- Terre Vie, 31: 225-311. id: 1427 LAMOTTE, M. (1983): Amphibians in savanna ecosystems.- In: BOURLIERE, F. (Ed.): Ecosystems of the World 13, Tropical savannas, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam: 313-323. id: 1428 LAMOTTE, M. (1985): Les amphibiens a tetards torrenticoles dans l'Ouest Africain.- Notes Africaines, 187: 88-92 id: 1429 LAMOTTE, M. (1988): Le mont Nimba: Reserve de biosphere et site du patrimoine mondial (Guinee et Cote d'Ivoire).- UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 153pp. id: 1430 LAMOTTE, M. & S. DZIEDUSZYCKA (1958): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain, VII. Le developpement larvaire de Phrynobatrachus francisci.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 20: 1071-1086. id: 1431 LAMOTTE, M. & J. LESCURE (1988): Les carateristiques biometriques du developpement et de la metamorphose des tetards rheophiles d'anoures.- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 113: 21-30. id: 1432 LAMOTTE, M. & J. LESCURE (1989a): Les tetards rheophiles et hygropetriques de l'ancien et du nouveau monde.- Ann. Sci. Natl. Zool., Ser. 13e, 10: 111-122. id: 1433 LAMOTTE, M. & J. LESCURE (1989b): Les tetards rheophiles et hygropetriques de l'ancien et du nouveau monde.- Ann. Sci. Natl. Zool., Ser. 13e, 10: 125-144. id: 1434 LAMOTTE, M. & A. OHLER (1997): Redecouverte de syntypes de Rana bibroni HALLOWELL, 1845, designation d'un lectotype et description d'une espece nouvelle de Ptychadena (Amphibia, Anura).- Zoosystema, 19: 531-543. id: 1435 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1961a): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XI.- Les formes larvaires de trois especes de Ptychadena: Pt. maccarthyensis and, Pt. perreti G. et L. et Pt. mascareniensis D. et B.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 23: 192-210. id: 1436 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1961b): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XIII.- Les formes larvaires de quelques especes de Leptopelis: L. aubryi, L. viridis, L. anchietae, L. ocellatus et L. calcaratus.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 23: 855-885. id: 1437 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1963a): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XIV.- Le developpement larvaire de Chiromantis rufescens GUENTHER.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 25: 265-276. id: 1438 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1963b): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XV.- Le developpement direct de l'espece Arthroleptis poecilonotus PETERS.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 25: 277-284. id: 1439 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1963c): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain XVI.- Les formes larvaires de cinq especes d'Hyperolius de Cameroun: H. hieroglyphycus, H. steindachneri pardalis, H. acutirostris, H. viridiflavus, H. tuberculatus.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 25: 544-558. id: 1440 LAMOTTE, M. & J.-L. PERRET (1968): Revision du genre Conraua NIEDEN.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 30: 1603-1644. id: 1441 LAMOTTE, M. & R. ROY (1962): Les traits principaux du peuplement animal de la prairie montagnade du Mont Nimba (Guinee).- Rech. Afr. (Etudes guineensis N.S.), 1: 11-30. id: 1442 LAMOTTE, M. & C. SANCHEZ-LAMOTTE (1999): Adaptation aux particularites climatiques du cycle biologique d'un anoure tropical, Nectophrynoides occidentalis ANGEL, 1943 (Bufonidae).- Alytes, 16: 111-122. id: 1443 LAMOTTE, M. & H. SOLANO (1989): Amphibiens anoures de la savanne de Calabozo (Venezuela) et des savanes de l'Ouest Africain: convergences et differences.- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 114: 26-46 id: 1444 LAMOTTE, M. & M. VOGELI (1956): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain IV.- Les formes larvaires de Chiromantis rufescens GUENTHER, Afrixalus leptosomus fulvovittatus (COPE) et Kassina senegalensis DUMERIL et BIBRON.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 18: 863-876. id: 1445 LAMOTTE, M. & F. XAVIER (1966a): Phrynobatrachus natalensis (SMITH) et Phrynobatrachus francisci (BOULENGER): deux especes de l'Ouest Africain difficiles a distinguer.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 28: 344-361. id: 1446 LAMOTTE, M. & F. XAVIER (1966b): Etude comparee de deux especes de Phrynobatrachus souvent confondues: Phr. plicatus GUENTHER et Phr. auritus BOULENGER.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 28: 1605-1619. id: 1447 LAMOTTE, M. & F. XAVIER (1972): Les amphibiens anoures a developpement direct d'Afrique. Observations sur la biologie de Nectophrynoides tornieri (Roux).- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 97: 413-428. id: 1448 LAMOTTE, M. & F. XAVIER (1981): Amphibiens.- In: DURAND, J.-R. & C. LEVEQUE (Ed.): Flore et Faune aquatique de l'Afrique sahelo-soudanienne, Tome II, ORSTOM, documentations techniques no. 45: 773-816. id: 1449 LAMOTTE, M. & M. ZUBER-VOGELI (1953): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain I.- Le developpement larvaires de Rana oxyrhynchus gribinguinensis ANGEL.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 15: 178-184. id: 1450 LAMOTTE, M. & M. ZUBER-VOGELI (1954a): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain II.- Le developpement larvaires de Bufo regularis REUSS, de Rana occidentalis GUENTHER et de Rana crassipes (BUCH. et PETERS).- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 16: 440-454. id: 1451 LAMOTTE, M. & M. ZUBER-VOGELI (1954b): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain III.- Le developpement larvaires de deux especes rheophiles, Astylosternus diadematus et Petropedetes natator.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 16: 1222-1233. id: 1452 LAMOTTE, M., S. DZIEDUSZYCKA & G. LAUWARIER (1958): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain, VIII. Les formes larvaires de Ptychadena submascareniensis, Pt. tournieri et Pt. trinodis.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 20: 1464-1482. id: 1453 LAMOTTE, M., G. LAUWARIER & J.-L. PERRET (1957): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain V.- Le developpement larvaires de Rana (Hylarana) albolabris.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 19: 1312-1327. id: 1454 LAMOTTE, M., J.-L. PERRET & S. DZIEDUSZYCKA (1959a): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain IX.- Les formes larvaires de Petropedetes palmipes, Conraua goliath et Acanthixalus spinosus.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 21: 762-776. id: 1455 LAMOTTE, M., J.-L. PERRET & S. DZIEDUSZYCKA (1959b): Contribution a l'etude des batraciens de l'Ouest Africain X.- Les formes larvaires de Cryptothylax greshoffi, Leptopelis notatus et Ptychadena taeniocelis.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 21: 1336-1350. id: 1456 LANZA, B. (1978): On some new or interesting East African amphibians and reptiles.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 14: 229-297. id: 1457 LANZA, B. (1981): A check-list of the Somali amphibians.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 10: 151-186. id: 1458 LARGEN, M.J. (1974): The status of the genus Afrixalus (Amphibia Anura Hyperoliidae) in Ethiopia, including descriptions of two new species.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 5: 111-127. id: 1459 LARGEN, M.J. (1975): The status of the genus Kassina (Amphibia Anura Hyperoliidae) in Ethiopia.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 6: 1-28. id: 1460 LARGEN, M.J. (1977): The status of the genus Leptopelis (Amphibia Anura Hyperoliidae) in Ethiopia, including descriptions of two new species.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 9: 85-136. id: 1461 LARGEN, M.J. (1991): A new genus and species of petropedetine frog (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from high altitude in the mountains of Ethiopia.- Trop. Zool., 4: 139-152. id: 1462 LARGEN, M.J. (1997a): An annotated ckecklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Eritrea, with keys for their identification.- Trop. Zool., 10: 63-115. id: 1463 LARGEN, M.J. (1997b): Two new species of Ptychadena BOULENGER 1917 (Amphibia Anura Ranidae) from Ethiopia, with observations on other members of the genus recorded from this country and a tentative key for their identification.- Trop. Zool., 10: 223-246. id: 1464 LARGEN, M.J. (1997c): Hemisus microscaphus LAURENT 1972, a little-known Ethiopian endemic (Amphibia Anura).- Trop. Zool., 10: 271-285. id: 1465 LARGEN, M.J. (1998): A preliminary review of the amphibians of Ethiopia.- Herpetol. J., 8: 7-12. id: 1466 LARGEN, M.J. (1999): The status of the genus Hyperolius RAPP 1842 (Amphibia Anura Hyperoliidae) in Ethiopia.- Trop. Zool., 11: 61-82. id: 1467 LARGEN, M.J. & F. DOWSETT-LEMAIRE (1991): Amphibians (Anura) from the Kouilou River basin, Republique du Congo.- Tauraco Research Report, 4: 145-168. id: 1468 LARGEN, M.J. & R.L. DREWES (1989): A new genus and species of breviciptine frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from high altitude in the mountains of Ethiopia.- Trop. Zool., 2: 13-30. id: 1469 LARGEN, M.J., M. TANDY & J. TANDY (1978): A new species of toad from the rift valley of Ethiopia, with observations on the other species of Bufo (Amphibia Anura Bufonidae) recorded from this country.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 10: 1-41. id: 1470 LAUGINIE, F. & G. SOURNIA (1976): Essai de zoogeographie d'un milieu naturel protege : Le Parc National de la Comoe, Republique de Cote d'Ivoire.- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Ser.G, 7: 145-189. id: 1471 LAURENT, R.F. (1941a): Nouveaux batraciens congolais du genre Hyperolius.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 34: 1-7. id: 1472 LAURENT, R.F. (1941b): Contribution a la systematique du genre Hyperolius RAPP. (Batraciens).- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 34: 149-167 + 4 plates. id: 1473 LAURENT, R.F. (1941c): Contribution a l'osteologie et a la systematique des rhacophorides africaines, premiere note.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 35: 85-11 + 2 plates. id: 1474 LAURENT, R.F. (1941d): Les Megalixalus (Batraciens) du Musee du Congo.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 35: 119-132. id: 1475 LAURENT, R.F. (1941-42): Note sur l'osteologie des genres Breviceps et Phrynomerus (Batraciens).- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 35: 417-418. id: 1476 LAURENT, R.F. (1943): Les Hyperolius (Batraciens) du Musee du Congo.- Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Ser. I, 4: 61-140. id: 1477 LAURENT, R.F. (1945): Contribution a l'osteologie et a la systematique des rhacophorides africaines; deuxieme note.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 38: 110-138 + 3 plates. id: 1478 LAURENT, R.F. (1946a): Note sur une petite collection de Megalixalus et d'Hyperolius de l'Uele et sur Hylambates GRESSHOFFI.- Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Natl. Belg., 22: 1-16. id: 1479 LAURENT, R.F. (1946b): Mises au point dans la taxonomie des Ranides.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 39: 336-338 id: 1480 LAURENT, R.F. (1947a): On some misuses of Hyperolius names.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (11) Ser. 14: 288-294. id: 1481 LAURENT, R.F. (1947b): Two new forms of the genus Hyperolius.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (11) Ser. 14: 294-296. id: 1482 LAURENT, R.F. (1947c): Sur quelques Rhacophorides nouveaux du Parc National Albert appartenant aux genres Megalixalus et Hyperolius.- Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Natl., 23: 1-8. id: 1483 LAURENT, R.F. (1950a): Genres Afrixalus et Hyperolius (Amphibie Salientia).- Exploration du Parc National de Albert, Mission G.F. DE WITTE (1933-1935), Fasc. 64: 1-120 + 7 plates. id: 1484 LAURENT, R.F. (1950b): Un Cacosternum nouveau du Katanga (Batr.).- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 44: 138-139. id: 1485 LAURENT, R.F. (1951a): Catalogue des rainettes africaines (genres Afrixalus et Hyperolius) de la collection du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.- Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 23-50. id: 1486 LAURENT, R.F. (1951b): Quelques donnees nouvelles sur la systematique et l'ecologie du genre Hyperolius RAPP.- Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 329-339. id: 1487 LAURENT, R.F. (1951c): Apercu des formes actuellement reconnaissables dans la superespece Hyperolius marmoratus.- Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 379-397. id: 1488 LAURENT, R.F. (1951d): Diagnoses preliminaires de treize batraciens nouveaux d'Afrique Centrale.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 44: 1-18. id: 1489 LAURENT, R.F. (1951e): Deux reptiles et onze batraciens nouveaux d'Afrique Centrale.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 44: 360-381. id: 1490 LAURENT, R.F. (1952a): Sur la necessite de supprimer la famille des Rhacophoridae mais de creer celle des Hyperoliidae.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 45: 116-122. id: 1491 LAURENT, R.F. (1952b): Batraciens et reptiles recemment acquis par le Musee du Congo Belge.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 45: 198-203. id: 1492 LAURENT, R.F. (1952c): Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux du massif du Mont Kabobo et du plateau des Marungu.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 46: 18-34. id: 1493 LAURENT, R.F. (1952d): Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux de la region des Grands Lacs africaines.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 46: 269-279. id: 1494 LAURENT, R.F. (1952e): Reptiles et Batraciens de la region de Dundo (Angola du Nord-Est).- Publ. cult. comp. diam. Angola, Estudos Diversos (Biologia): 127-136. id: 1495 LAURENT, R.F. (1953): Une methode pour la recherche des meilleurs caracteres taxonomiques fournis par les proportions.- Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 84: 271-282. id: 1496 LAURENT, R.F. (1954): Etude de quelques especes meconnues du genre Ptychadena.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., 34: 1- 34 + 5 plates. id: 1497 LAURENT, R.F. (1956a): Notes herpetologiques africaines I.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 52 (3/4): 229-256. id: 1498 LAURENT, R.F. (1956b): Esquisse d'une faune herpetologique du Ruanda-Urundi.- Nat. Belg., 37: 280-287. id: 1499 LAURENT, R.F. (1957a): Notes sur les Hyperoliidae.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 56: 274-282. id: 1500 LAURENT, R.F. (1957b): Genres Afrixalus et Hyperolius (Amphibia Salientia).- Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G.F. DE WITTE, Fasc. 42: 1-47 + 4 plates. id: 1501 LAURENT, R.F. (1958a): Notes herpetologiques africaines II.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 58: 115-128. id: 1502 LAURENT, R.F. (1958b): Les rainettes du genre Hyperolius.- Mem. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, 53: 275-299 + 3 plates. id: 1503 LAURENT, R.F. (1961a): Note sur les Hyperolius et quelques Afrixalus (Salientia) du Musee de Berlin.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 64: 65-96. id: 1504 LAURENT, R.F. (1961b): Etude d'une collection herpetologique du Mayombe.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 63: 262-276. id: 1505 LAURENT, R.F. (1961c): Notes on some South African amphibians.- Publ. Univ. Elisabethville, 1: 197-209. id: 1506 LAURENT, R.F. (1963a): A new frog of the genus Kassina from Northern Rhodesia.- Field. Zool., 44 (18): 137-140. id: 1507 LAURENT, R.F. (1963b): Three new species of the genus Hemisus.- Copeia, 1963: 395-399. id: 1508 LAURENT, R.F. (1964a): Adaptive modifications in frogs of an isolated highland fauna in Central Africa.- Evolution, 18: 458-467. id: 1509 LAURENT, R.F. (1964b): Reptiles et amphibiens de l'Angola.- Publ. cult. comp. diam. Angola, Estudos Diversos (Biologia), 67: 11-165. id: 1510 LAURENT, R.F. (1965): Frogs and turtles.- In: GANS, L., R.F. LAURENT & H. PANDIT (Ed.): Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic, Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser. IN-8, Sci. zool., no. 134: 15-23. id: 1511 LAURENT, R.F. (1972a): Tentative revision of the genus Hemisus GUENTHER.- Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Sci. Zool., no. 194: 1-67. id: 1512 LAURENT, R.F. (1972b): The morphology, systematics, and evolution of the Old World treefrogs (Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae).- Copeia, 1972: 198-201. id: 1513 LAURENT, R.F. (1972c): Amphibiens.- Exploration du Parc National des Virunga, 2e Ser., Fasc. 22: 1-125 + 11 plates. id: 1514 LAURENT, R.F. (1973a): The natural classification of the Arthroleptinae (Amphibia, Hyperoliidae).- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 87: 666-678. id: 1515 LAURENT, R.F. (1973b): Le genre Leptopelis GUENTHER (Salientia) au Zaire.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., no. 202: 1-62. id: 1516 LAURENT, R.F. (1976a): Deux amphibiens nouveaux du Zaire.- Rev. Zool. afr., 90: 528-546. id: 1517 LAURENT, R.F. (1976b): Les genres Cryptothylax, Phlyctimantis et Kassina au Zaire.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., no.213: 1-67. id: 1518 LAURENT, R.F. (1976c): Nouveaux commentaires sur la superespece Hyperolius viridiflavus (Anura).- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser IN-8, Sci. zool., no.213: 71-114. id: 1519 LAURENT, R.F. (1978): L'appareil hyoidien des Astylosterninae et des Arthroleptinae (Amphibie).- Rev. Zool. Afr., 92: 233-240. id: 1520 LAURENT, R.F. (1979a): Apercu de la biogeographie des batraciens et des reptiles de la region des Grands Lacs.- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 79: 290-310. id: 1521 LAURENT, R.F. (1979b): Descriptions de deux Hyperolius nouveaux du Sankuru (Zaire) (Amphibia, Hyperoliidae).- Rev. Zool. afr., 93: 779-791. id: 1522 LAURENT, R.F. (1979c): Herpetofaunal relationships between Africa and South America.- In: DUELLMAN, W.E. (Ed.): The South American Herpetofauna: its origin, dispersal, and evolution., Mus. Nat. Hist. Kansas Monogr. 7: 55-71. id: 1523 LAURENT, R.F. (1981): Phenogrammes d'anoures bases sur la morphometrie.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 1: 1-22. id: 1524 LAURENT, R.F. (1982): Le genre Afrixalus LAURENT (Hyperoliidae) en Afrique Centrale.- Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Ser. in-8°, Sci. Zool., no. 235: 1-58. id: 1525 LAURENT, R.F. (1983): La superespece Hyperolius viridiflavus (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1841) (Anura Hyperoliidae) en Afrique Centrale.- Monit. Zool. Ital. N.S. Suppl., 18: 1-93. id: 1526 LAURENT, R.F. (1986): The systematic position of the genus Afrixalus LAURENT (Hyperoliidae).- Alytes, 5: 1-6. id: 1527 LAURENT, R.F. & J. COMBAZ (1950): Sur l'attribution generique de certains batraciens appartenant a la sous-famille des Hyperoliinae I. Remarques sur la position systematique des batraciens generalement classes dans les genres Kassina GIRARD et Hylambates A. DUMERIL.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 43: 269-280. id: 1528 LAURENT, R.F. & M. FABREZI (1985): Le carpe des Arthroleptinae.- Alytes, 4: 85-93. id: 1529 LAURENT, R.F. & M. FABREZI (1989-90): Further data on carpal structure in ranoid frogs.- Alytes, 8: 41-50. id: 1530 LAURENT, R.F. & H.M. SMITH (1966): Kassina GIRARD, 1853 (Amphibia: Anura): proposed grant of priority over Hylambates DUMERIL, 1853. Z.N.(S.) 1718.- Bull. zool. Nomencl., 22: 317-318. id: 1531 LEE, A.K. (1967): Studies in australian Amphibia II. Taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of the genus Heleioporus GRAY (Anura: Leptodactylidae).- Aust. J. Zool. 15: 367-439. id: 1532 LEE, A.K. & E.H. MERCER (1967): Cocoon surrounding desert-dwelling frogs.- Science, 157: 87-88. id: 1533 LESCURE, J. (1968): Le comportement social des batraciens.- Rev. Comp. Anim., 2: 1-33. id: 1534 LESCURE, J. (1971): L'alimentation du crapaud Bufo regularis REUSS et de la grenouille Dicroglossus occipitalis (GUENTHER) au Senegal.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 33: 446-466. id: 1535 LEVEQUE, C, D. PAUGY & G.G. TEUGELS (1990): Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 1.- Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Ed. ORSTOM, coll. Faune tropicale no. XXVIII: 1-384. id: 1536 LEVEQUE, C, D. PAUGY & G.G. TEUGELS (1992): Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2.- Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Ed. ORSTOM, coll. Faune tropicale no. XXVIII: 387-902. id: 1537 LEVITON, A.E. (1955): Amphibian additions to the Gold Coast herpetofauna.- Copeia, 1955: 257-258. id: 1538 LIEM, S.S. (1970): The morphology, systematics, and evolution of the Old World treefrogs (Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae.- Field. Zool., 57: 1-145. id: 1539 LINDEN, I. (1971): Development of Leptopelis viridis cinnamomeus (BOCAGAE) with notes on its systematic position.- Zool. Afr., 6: 237-242. id: 1540 LINSENMAIR, K.E. (1998): Risk-spreading and risk-reducing tactics of West African anurans in an unpredictably changing and stressful environment.- In: NEWBERY, D.M., H.H.T. PRINS & N.D. BROWN (Eds.): Dynamics of tropical communities, Blackwell Science, London: 221-242. id: 1541 LINSENMAIR, K.E., M. ROSENBERG & M.R. WARBURG (1999): Unusual cell ultrasructure in ventral epidermis of the African reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus, (Anura; Hyperoliidae).- Anat. Embryol., 200: 607-614. id: 1542 LOENNBERG, E. (1910): 4. Reptilia and Batrachia.- In: SJOESTEDT, Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906, 1. Band, Abteilung 1-7, Stockholm: 1-28 + 1 plate. id: 1543 LOUMONT, C. (1981): L'appareil vocal des males Xenopus (Amphibia Anura).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 2: 23-28. id: 1544 LOUMONT, C. (1983): Deux especes nouvelles de Xenopus du Cameroun (Amphibia, Pipidae).- Rev. Suisse Zool., 90:169-177. id: 1545 LOUMONT, C. (1984): Current distribution of the genus Xenopus in Africa and future prospects.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 91: 725-746. id: 1546 LOUMONT, C. (1986): Xenopus pygmaeus, a new diploid pipid frog from rain forest of equatorial Africa.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 93: 735-764. id: 1547 LOUMONT, C. (1992): Les amphibiens de Sao Tome et Principe: revision systematique, cris nuptiaux et caryotypes.- Alytes, 10: 37-62. id: 1548 LOVERIDGE, A. (1925): Notes on East African batrachians, collected 1920-1923, with the description of four new species.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1925 (2): 763-791. id: 1549 LOVERIDGE, A. (1929): East African reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum.- Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.; 151: 1-135. id: 1550 LOVERIDGE, A. (1930): A list of the Amphibia of the British territories in East Africa (Uganda, Kenya Colony, Tanganyika Territory, and Zanzibar), together with keys for the diagnosis of the species.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1930: 7-32. id: 1551 LOVERIDGE, A. (1932): New frogs of the genera Arthroleptis and Hyperolius from Tanganyika Territory.- Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45: 61-64. id: 1552 LOVERIDGE, A. (1933): Reports on the scientific results of an expedition to the southwestern highlands of Tanganyika Territory.- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 73: 197-416 + 3 plates. id: 1553 LOVERIDGE, A. (1935): Scientific results of an expedition to rain forest regions in Eastern Africa, I New reptiles and amphibians from East Africa.- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 79: 1-19. id: 1554 LOVERIDGE, A. (1936): Scientific results of an expedition to rain forest regions in Eastern Africa, VII Amphibians.- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 79: 369-430 + 3 plates. id: 1555 LOVERIDGE, A. (1938): A new frog (Hyperolius poweri) from Natal, South Africa.- Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51: 213-214. id: 1556 LOVERIDGE, A. (1941a): South African frogs of the genus Hyperolius in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.- Ann. Transv. Mus., 20: 283-291 + 1 plate. id: 1557 LOVERIDGE, A. (1941b): Report on the Smithsonian-Firestone expedition collection of reptiles and amphibians from Liberia.- Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 91 (3128): 113-140. id: 1558 LOVERIDGE, A. (1941c): New geckos (Phelsuma & Lygodactylus), snake (Leptotyphlops), and frog (Phrynobatrachus) from Pemba island, East Africa.- Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 54: 175-178. id: 1559 LOVERIDGE, A. (1942): Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in East and Central Africa, V. Amphibians.- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, XCI (5): 375-436 + 4 plates. id: 1560 LOVERIDGE, A. (1954): New frogs of the genera Hyperolius and Arthroleptis from South Africa.- Ann. Natal Mus., 13: 95-99. id: 1561 LOVERIDGE, A. (1955a): On Amphibia Salientia from the Ivory Coast.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 62: 129-150. id: 1562 LOVERIDGE, A. (1955b): Amphibian additions to the Gold Coast herpetofauna.- Copeia, 1955: 257-258. id: 1563 LOVERIDGE, A. (1955c): On a second collection of reptiles and amphibians taken in Tanganyika territory by C.J.P. IONIDES.- J. E. Afr. nat. Hist. Soc., 22: 168-198. id: 1564 LOVERIDGE, A. (1957): Check list of the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa (Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Zanzibar).- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 117 (2): 151-362 + i-xxxvi. id: 1565 LOVERIDGE, J.P. (1976): Strategies of water conservation in Southern African frogs.- Zool. Afr., 11: 319-333. id: 1566 LOVERIDGE, J.P. & G. GRAYE (1979): Cocoon formation in two species of southern African frogs.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 75: 18-20. id: 1567 LOVERIDGE, J.P. & P.C. WITHERS (1981): Metabolism and water balance of active and coconed African bullfrogs, Pyxicephalus adspersus.- Physiol. Zool., 54: 203-214. id: 1568 MAEDER, A.-M. (1969): Trematodes de batraciens de Cote d'Ivoire.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 76: 903-919. id: 1569 MAEDER, A.-M., C. COMBAZ & L.-P. KNOEPFFLER (1969a): Parasites d'amphibiens du Gabon: Mesocoeliidae (Digenea). Taxonomie et chronologie du genre Mesocoelium ODHNER, 1911.- Biologia Gabonica, 5: 283-288. id: 1570 MAEDER, A.-M., C. COMBAZ & L.-P. KNOEPFFLER (1969b): Parasites d'amphibiens du Gabon: Plagiorchiidae et Paramphistomatidae (Digenea).- Biologia Gabonica, 5: 289-303. id: 1571 MAEDER, A.-M., C. COMBAZ & L.-P. KNOEPFFLER (1970): Parasites d'amphibiens de Cote d'Ivoire: Plagiorchiidae et Mesocoeliidae (Digenea).- Biologia Gabonica, 6: 387-393. id: 1572 MAESEY, G.J. (1998): Terrestrial prey capture in Xenopus laevis.- Copeia, 1998: 787-791. id: 1573 MAESEY, G.J. & R.C. TINSLEY (1997): Mating behaviour of Xenopus wittei (Anura: Pipidae).- Copeia, 1997: 601-609. id: 1574 MEASEY, G.J. & R.C. TINSLEY (1998): Feral Xenopus laevis in South Wales.- Herpetol. J., 8: 23-27. id: 1575 MARAIS, E. (1990): Phrynomerus annectens and Kassina senegalensis (Amphibia: Anura) recorded from a cave in Namibia.- Cimbebasia, 12: 167-168. id: 1576 MCCLANAHAN, R. RUIBAL & V.H. SHOEMAKER (1994): Froesche und Kroeten in der Wueste.- Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 5/1994: 72-79. id: 1577 MERTENS, R. (1938a): Ueber eine Froschsammlung aus Westafrika.- Zool. Anz., 123: 241-245. id: 1578 MERTENS, R. (1938b): Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Kamerun.- Abh. senckenberg. naturf. Ges., 442: 1-52. id: 1579 MERTENS, R. (1939): Ueber das Hoehenvorkommen der Froschlurche am Grossen Kamerun-Berge.- Abh. Ber. Mus. Naturkde. Vorgesch. naturwiss. Ver. Magdeburg, 7: 121-128 + 1 plate. id: 1580 MERTENS, R. (1940): Amphibien aus Kamerun, gesammelt von M. KOEHLER und Dr. H. GRAF.- Senckenbergiana, 22: 103-135. id: 1581 MERTENS, R. (1941): Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Fernando-Poo.- Zool. Anz., 135: 275-281. id: 1582 MERTENS, R. (1955a): Die Amphibien und Reptilien Suedwestafrikas. Aus den Ergebnissen einer im Jahre 1952 ausgefuehrten Reise.- Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges., 490: 1-172. id: 1583 MERTENS, R. (1955b): Amphibien und Reptilien aus Ostafrika.- Jh. Ver. vaterl. Naturk. Wuerttem., 110: 47-61. id: 1584 MERTENS, R. (1968): Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Kamerun und Fernando Poo.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 19: 69-84. id: 1585 MERTENS, R. (1971): Die Herpetofauna Suedwest-Afrikas.- Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges., 529: 1-110. id: 1586 MESS, A. & F.-T. KRELL (1999): Liste preliminaire des rongeurs et des musaraignes du Parc National de la Comoe, en Cote d'Ivoire.- Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., Ser. A., Nr. 586: 1-11. id: 1587 MESTRE, J. (1988): Les Acridiens des formations herbeuses d'Afrique de l'Ouest.- PRIFAS, Acridologie operationelle, Montpellier, 330 pp. id: 1588 MEYER, N. (1999): Leptopelis natalensis (SMITH, 1849) Haltung und Zucht.- TI Aquaristik Fachmagazin, 31 (2): 33-34. id: 1589 MIEGE, J. (1955): Les savanes et forets claires de Cote d'Ivoire.- Etudes Eburneennes, 4: 62-83. id: 1590 MILES, M.A., A.G. THOMSON & G.W. WALTERS (1978): Amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of Boughari, Casamance (Senegal), and the Gambia.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 40: 437-456. id: 1591 MILSTEAD, W.M., A.S. RAND & M.M. STEWART (1974): Polymorphism in cricket frogs: an hypothesis.- Evolution, 28: 489-491. id: 1592 MINTER, L.R. (1995): The advertisement call and other aspects of the reproductive biology of Breviceps adspersus (Anura, Microhylidae).- Madoqua, 19: 37-44. id: 1593 MINTER, L.R. (1997): Advertisement call structure and morphology of Breviceps mossambicus PETERS and B. poweri PARKER (Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Mozambique.- Ann. Natal Mus., 38: 5-19. id: 1594 MOREAU, R.E. (1969): Climatic changes and the distribution of forest vertebrates in West Africa.- J. Zool. London, 158: 39-61. id: 1595 MONARD, A. (1940): Resultats de la mission scientifique du Dr. MONARD en Guinee Portugaise 1937-1938.- Arquivos Mus. Boc., zool., 1940: 77-89. id: 1596 MORESCALCHI, A. (1981): Karyology of the main groups of African frogs.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 4: 41-53. id: 1597 MUEHLENBERG, M., A. GALAT-LUONG, P. POILECOT, B. STEINHAUER-BURKART & I. KUEHN (1990): L'importance des ilots forestiers de savane humide pour la conservation de la faune de foret dense en Cote d'Ivoire.- Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie), 45: 197-214. id: 1598 MUEHLENBERG, M. & H.H. ROTH (1985): Comparative investigations into the ecology of the Kob Antelope Kobus kob kob (ERXLEBEN 1777) in the Comoe- National Park Ivory Coast.- S. Afr. Wildl. Res., 15: 25-31. id: 1599 MUEHLENBERG, M. & B. STEINHAUER (1981): Parc National de la Comoe, Guide touristique.- Heidelberg (Colordruck), 45 pp. id: 1600 MUELLER, F. (1885a): Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums.- Ver. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 17: 120-165. id: 1601 MUELLER, F. (1885b): Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums.- Ver. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 17: 668-717 + 3 plates. id: 1602 MURITH, D. (1981): Examples of the close relationship between the mode of transmission of some parasites and the niche of the host amphibians.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 18: 359-365. id: 1603 NEWMAN, R.A. & A.E. DUNHAM (1994): Size at metamorphosis and water loss in a desert anuran (Scaphiopus couchii).- Copeia, 1994: 372-381. id: 1604 NICKEL, E. (1901): Die Kriechtiere Deutsch-Ostafrikas mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der im Museum in Frankfurt a.O. befindlichen Arten.- Helios, 18: 65-73. id: 1605 NIEDEN, F. (1908): Die Amphibienfauna von Kamerun. Mit einer Bestimmungstabelle.- Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 3: 489-518. id: 1606 NIEDEN, F. (1910a): Neue Reptilien und Amphibien aus Kamerun.- Arch. Naturgesch., 76: 234-246. id: 1607 NIEDEN, F. (1910b): Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien, Reihe I Kamerun, Heft 2 Die Reptilien (ausser den Schlangen) und Amphibien.- Friedlaender & Sohn, Berlin, 74 pp. id: 1608 NIEDEN, F. (1915): Neues Verzeichnis der Kriechtiere (ausser den Schlangen) von Deutsch-Ostafrika. II. Teil: Amphibia.- Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 7: 345-390. id: 1609 NIEDEN, F. (1923) Anura I, Subordo Aglossa und Phaneroglossa Sectio 1 Arcifera.- In: HEIDER, K. (Ed.): Das Tierreich, 46. Lieferung, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & Leipzig, I-XXXII + 1-584. id: 1610 NIEDEN, F. (1926) Anura II, Engystomatidae.- In: HEIDER, K. (Ed.): Das Tierreich, 49. Lieferung, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & Leipzig, 110 pp. id: 1611 NOBLE, G.K. (1924): Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915, Part III. Amphibia.- Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 49: 147-347 + 20 plates. id: 1612 NOBLE, G.K. (1926a): The importance of larval characters in the classification of South African Salientia.- Am. Mus. Nov., 237: 1-10. id: 1613 NOBLE, G.K. (1926b): The "buccal brooding habits" of the African tree frog Leptopelis brevirostris.- Copeia, 1926: 134-135. id: 1614 NOBLE, G.K. (1929): The adaptive modification of the arboreal tadpoles of Hoplophryne and the torrent tadpoles of Staurois.- Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 53: 291-336. id: 1615 NUSSBAUM, R.A. & H. HINKEL (1994): Revision of East African caecilians of the genera Afrocaecilia TAYLOR and Boulengerula TORNIER (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliaide).- Copeia, 1994: 750-760. id: 1616 OHLER, A. (1996): Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae).- Alytes, 13: 141-166. id: 1617 OHLER, A. (1999): Une nouvelle espece du genre Leptodactylodon (Arthroleptidae, Astylosterninae) du Gabon.- Alytes, 17: 73-80. id: 1618 OHLER, A. & M. KAZADI (1990): Description d'une nouvelle espece du genre Aubria BOULENGER, 1917 (Amphibiens, Anoures) et rediscription du type d'Aubria subsigillata (A. DUMERIL, 1856).- Alytes, 8: 25-40. id: 1619 OLDHAM, R.S. (1977): Terrestrial locomotion in two species of amphibian larva.- J. Zool., London, 181: 285-295. id: 1620 ORTON, G.L. & F.D. MORRISON (1946): Some amphibians and reptiles from the Gold Coast.- Copeia, 1946: 15-17. id: 1621 OESTERDAHL, L. & R. OLSSON (1963): The sexual behaviour of Hymenochirus boettgeri.- Oikos, 14: 35-43. id: 1622 PALLETT, J.R. & N.I. PASSMORE (1990): The significance of multi-note advertisement calls in a reed frog, Hyperolius tuberlinguis.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 36: 72. id: 1623 PARKER, H.W. (1930a): Report on the Amphibia collected by Mr. J. OMER-COOPER in Ethiopia.- Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1930: 1-16. id: 1624 PARKER, H.W. (1930b): A collection of frogs from Portuguese East Africa.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1930: 897-905 + 1 plate. id: 1625 PARKER, H.W. (1931): Some new and rare frogs from West Africa.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 7: 492-498. id: 1626 PARKER, H.W. (1932): Two collections of reptiles and amphibians from British Somaliland.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1932, 1932: 335-367. id: 1627 PARKER, H.W. (1935): A new genus of frogs from the Cameroons.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (16) 10: 401-404. id: 1628 PARKER, H.W. (1936a): Amphibians from Liberia and the Gold Coast.- Zool. Mededel., 19: 87-102. id: 1629 PARKER, H.W. (1936b): Reptiles and amphibians collected by the Lake Rudolf Rift Valley Expedition, 1934.- Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 18: 594-609. id: 1630 PARKER, H.W. (1936c): The amphibians of the Mamfe Division, Cameroon.- I. Zoogeography and Systematics.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936: 135-163 + 1 plate. id: 1631 PARRY, C.R. (1982): A revision of southern African Pyxicephalus TSCHUDI (Anura: Ranidae).- Ann. Natal. Mus., 25: 281-292. id: 1632 PASSMORE, N.I. (1977): Mating calls and other vocalizations of five species of Ptychadena.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 73: 212-214. id: 1633 PASSMORE, N.I. (1981a): Sound levels of mating calls of some African frogs.- Herpetologica, 37: 166-171. id: 1634 PASSMORE, N.I. (1981b): The relevance of the specific mate recognition concept to anuran reproductive biology.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 6: 93-108. id: 1635 PASSMORE, N.I., P.J. BISHOP & N. CAITHNESS (1992): Calling behaviour influences mating succes in male painted reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Ethology, 92: 227-241. id: 1636 PASSMORE, N.I. & V.C. CARRUTHERS (1979): South African frogs.- Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 270 pp. id: 1637 PASSMORE, N.I. & V.C. CARRUTHERS (1995): South African frogs, a complete guide.- Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 322 pp. id: 1638 PASSMORE, N.I. & S.R. TELFORD (1981): The effect of chorus organization on mate localization in the painted reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus.- Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 9: 291-293. id: 1639 PASSMORE, N.I. & S.R. TELFORD (1983): Random mating by size and age of males in the painted reed frog Hyperolius marmoratus.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 79: 353-355. id: 1640 PATTERSON, J.W. & A.J. MCLACHLAN (1989): Larval habitat duration and size at metamorphosis in frogs.- Hydrobiologia, 171: 121-126. id: 1641 PAULIAN, R. & A. VILARDEBO (1946): Observations sur le regime alimentaire des batraciens en basse Cote d'Ivoire.- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 71: 129-132. id: 1642 PAUWELS, O. & D. MEIRTE (1996): Contribution to the knowledge of the Gambian herpetofauna.- Br. Herpetol. Soc. Bull., 56: 27-34. id: 1643 PERACCA, D.M.G. (1898): Descrizione di una nuova specie di amfibio del Gen. Xenopus WAGL. dell'Eritrea.- Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ. Torino, 13 (321): 1-4. id: 1644 PERRET, J.-L. (1957): Un nouveau Phrynobatrachus du Cameroun.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 64: 527-531. id: 1645 PERRET, J.-L. (1958a): Notes sur des batraciens du genre Kassina du Cameroun et d'Afrique nord-equatoriale.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 20: 1437-1447. id: 1646 PERRET, J.-L. (1958b): Observations sur des rainettes africaines du genre Leptopelis GUENTHER.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 65: 259-275. id: 1647 PERRET, J.-L. (1959a): Batraciens nouveaux du Cameroun.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 66: 711-721. id: 1648 PERRET, J.-L. (1959b): Etudes herpetologiques africaines.- Bull. Soc. neuch. Sc. nat., 82: 247-253. id: 1649 PERRET, J.-L. (1960a): Batraciens du genre Afrixalus du Cameroun.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 61: 366-374 + 4 plates. id: 1650 PERRET, J.-L. (1960b): Note additive sur le genre Afrixalus au Cameroun.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 62: 340-342. id: 1651 PERRET, J.-L. (1961): La biologie d'Acanthixalus spinosus (Amphibia Salientia).- Rech. Etud. cameroun., 1: 90-101. id: 1652 PERRET, J.-L. (1962): Revision des types de Leptopelis et note sur quelques Hyperolius (Amphibia Salientia) de la region camerounaise, conserves au Museum de Berlin.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 64: 235-246. id: 1653 PERRET, J.-L. (1966): Les amphibiens du Cameroun.- Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 8: 289-464. id: 1654 PERRET, J.-L. (1971): Les espece du genre Nectophrynoides d'Afrique (Batraciens Bufonides).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 6: 99-109. id: 1655 PERRET, J.-L. (1973): Leptopelis palmatus (PETERS) et Leptopelis rufus (REICHENOW) (Amphibia Salientia): deux especes distincte.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 15-16: 81-90. id: 1656 PERRET, J.-L. (1975a): Les sous-especes d'Hyperolius ocellatus GUENTHER (Amphibia Salientia).- Ann. Fac. Sci. Yaounde, 20: 23-31. id: 1657 PERRET, J.-L. (1975b): Revision critique de quelques types de reptiles et batraciens africaines.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 82: 185-192 + 1 plate. id: 1658 PERRET, J.-L. (1976): Identite de quelques Afrixalus (Amphibia, Salientia, Hyperoliidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchat. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, 99: 19-28. id: 1659 PERRET, J.-L. (1977a): Une nouvelle espece de crapaud africain: Bufo danielae de Cote d'Ivoire.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 84: 237-245. id: 1660 PERRET, J.-L. (1977b): Les Hylarana (Amphibiens, Ranides) du Cameroun.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 84: 841-868. id: 1661 PERRET, J.-L. (1979a): Moyen de defense chez les anoures.- Mus. Geneve, 191: 15-18. id: 1662 PERRET, J.-L. (1979b): Remarques et mise au point sur quelques especes de Ptychadena (Amphibia, Ranidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. Nat., 102: 5-21. id: 1663 PERRET, J.-L. (1980a): Identification of treefrogs (Hyperoliidae) from Kenya, photographed by ROBERT BOECK and commented upon by WIM KOESEN.- Copeia, 1980: 155. id: 1664 PERRET, J.-L. (1980b): Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl., 13: 151-168. id: 1665 PERRET, J.-L. (1981): Le statut de Ptychadena schubotzi (STERNFELD) (Amphibia, Ranidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat., 102: 53-57. id: 1666 PERRET, J.-L. (1982): Les ecailles de deux Gymnophiones africaines (Batraciens apodes), observees au microscope electronique a balayage.- Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 33: 343-347. id: 1667 PERRET, J.-L. (1983): Nouvelles donnees sur Hylarana occidentalis PERRET (Amphibia, Ranidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat., 106: 109-113. id: 1668 PERRET, J.-L. (1984): Identification des syntypes de Petropedetes obscurus AHL, 1924 (Amphibia, Phrynobatrachinae), conserve au museum de Berlin.- Bull. Soc. neuchat. Sci. Nat., 107: 167-170. id: 1669 PERRET, J.-L. (1985): Description of Kassina arboricola n. sp. (Amphibia, Hyperoliidae) from the Ivory Coast and Ghana.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 196-199. id: 1670 PERRET, J.-L. (1986): Considerations sur le genre Phlyctimantis LAURENT et combaz (Anura, Hyperoliidae).- Mus. Hist. Natl. Geneve, 109: 19-26. id: 1671 PERRET, J.L. (1987): À propos de Ptychadena schillukorum (WERNER, 1907) (Anura, Ranidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchat. Sci. Nat., 110: 63-70. id: 1672 PERRET, J.-L. (1988a): Les especes de Phrynobatrachus (Anura, Ranidae) a eperon palpepral.- Archs. Sci. Geneve, 41: 275-294. id: 1673 PERRET, J.-L. (1988b): Sur quelques genres d'Hyperoliidae (Anura) restes en question.- Mus. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 111: 35-48. id: 1674 PERRET, J.-L. (1991a): Description de Ptychadena ingeri n. sp. (Anura, Ranidae) du Zaire.- Archs. Sci. Geneve, 44: 265-281. id: 1675 PERRET, J.-L. (1991b): Le statut d'Arthroleptis bivittatus F. MUELLER (Anura, Arthroleptidae).- Bull. Soc. neuchât. Sci. Nat., 114: 71-76. id: 1676 PERRET, J.-L. (1994a): Revision of the genus Aubria BOULENGER 1917 (Amphibia Ranidae) with the description of a new species.- Trop. Zool., 7: 255-269. id: 1677 PERRET, J.-L. (1994b): Description de Ptychadena largeni n. sp. (Anura, Ranidae) d'Èthiopie.- Mus. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 117: 67-77. id: 1678 PERRET, J.-L. (1996a): Sur un enigmatique batraciens d'Angola.- Bull. Soc. neuchat. Sci. Nat., 119: 95-100. id: 1679 PERRET, J.-L. (1996b): Une nouvelle espece du genre Ptychadena (Anura, Ranidae) du Kenya.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 103: 757-766. id: 1680 PERRET, J.-L. (1997): Description de Ptychadena arnei n. sp. (Amphibia, Ranidae) une espece meconnue d'Afrique Occidentale.- Bull. Soc. neuchat. Sci. Nat., 120: 77-86. id: 1681 PERRET, J.-L. & J.-L. AMIET (1971): Remarques sur les Bufo (Amphibiens Anoures) du Cameroun.- Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 5: 47-55. id: 1682 PERRET, J.-L. & R. MERTENS (1957a): Revision du materiel herpetologique du Cameroun, etudie par A. MONARD.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 64: 73-78. id: 1683 PERRET, J.-L. & R. MERTENS (1957b): Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955.- Bull. Inst. fond. Afr. noire, Ser. A, 19: 548-601. id: 1684 PETERS, W. (1854): Diagnose neuer Batrachier, welche zusammen mit der frueher (24. Juli und 17. August) gegebenen Uebersicht der Schlangen und Eidechsen mitgetheilt werden.- Ber. Bekanntmach. geeignet. Verh. Koenigl.- Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, November: 614-628. id: 1685 PETERS, W. (1863a): Bemerkungen Ueber verschiedene Batrachier, namentlich Ueber die Orginalexemplare der von SCHNEIDER und WIEGMANN beschriebenen Arten des zoologischen Museums zu Berlin.- Mber. Koenigl. akad. Wiss. Berlin, Februar: 76-82. id: 1686 PETERS, W. (1863b): Fernere Mittheilungen Ueber neue Batrachier.- Mber. Koenigl. akad. Wiss. Berlin, Oktober: 445-470. id: 1687 PETERS, W. (1867): Eine vorlaeufige Uebersicht der aus dem Nachlass des Baron CARL VON DER DECKEN stammenden und auf seiner ostafrikanischen Reise gesammelten Saeugethiere und Amphibien.- Mber. Koenigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Dezember: 884-892. id: 1688 PETERS, W. (1868): Ueber eine neue Nagergattung, Chiropodomys penicillatus, so wie Ueber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien und Fische.- Mber. Koenigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Juli: 448-460 + 2 plates. id: 1689 PETERS, W. (1870): Ueber neue Amphibien (Hemidactylus, Urosaura, Tropidolepisma, Geophis, Uriechis, Scaphiophis, Hoplocephalus, Rana, Entomoglossus, Cystignathus, Hylodes, Arthroleptis, Phyllobates, Cophomantis) des Koeniglich zoologischen Museums.- Mber. Koenigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, August: 641-652 + 2 plates. id: 1690 PETERS, W. (1875): Ueber die von Hrn. Professor Dr. R. BUCHHOLZ in Westafrika gesammelten Amphibien.- Mber. Koenigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Maerz: 196-212 + 3 plates. id: 1691 PETERS, W. (1876): Eine zweite Mittheilung ueber die von Hrn. Professor Dr. R. BUCHHOLZ in Westafrika gesammelten Amphibien.- Mber. Koenigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Februar: 117-123 + 1 plates. id: 1692 PETERS, W. (1877): Uebersicht der Amphibien aus Chinchoxo (Westafrika), welche von der Africanischen Gesellschaft dem Berliner zoologischen Museum Uebergeben sind.- Mber. Koenigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Oktober: 611-620 + 1 plates. id: 1693 PETERS, W. (1878): Ueber die von Hrn. J.M. HILDEBRANDT waehrend seiner letzten ostafrikanischen Reise gesammelten Saeugethiere und Amphibien.- Mber. Koenigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, November: 734-738. id: 1694 PETERS, W. (1881): Ueber die Verschiedenheit der Lage der aeusseren Spalten der Schallblasen als Merkmal zur Unterscheidung besonders afrikanischer Froscharten.- Sber. Gesell. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1881 (10): 162-163. id: 1695 PETERS, W. (1882a): Ueber neue Batrachier der Gattungen Hyperolius und Limnodytes (Hylorana) aus Africa.- S.B. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1882 (1): 8-10. id: 1696 PETERS, W. (1882b): Drei neue Batrachier (Amblystoma Krausei, Nyctibatrachus sinensis, Bufo buchneri). - Sber. Gesell. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1882 (10):145-148. id: 1697 PETERS, W. (1882c): Zoologie III. Amphibien. Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique auf Befehl seiner Majestaet des Koenigs FRIEDRICH WILHELM IV. In den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgefuehrt von WILHELM C.H. PETERS.- Berlin (G. Reimer), I-XV + 1-191 + 33 plates. id: 1698 PFEFFER, G. (1893): Ostafrikanische Reptilien und Amphibien, gesammelt von Herrn Dr. F. STUHLMANN im Jahre 1888 und 1889.- Jb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., 1893.- 4 (1): 69-105 + 2 plates. id: 1699 PICKER, M. (1980): Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae) mating systems - a preliminary synthesis with some data on the female phonoresponse.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 15: 150-158. id: 1700 PICKER, M. (1983a): Territorial behaviour in the bullfrog.- African Wild Life, 37: 238-239. id: 1701 PICKER, M.D. (1983b): Hormonal induction of the aquatic phonotactic responses of Xenopus.- Behaviour, 84: 74-90. id: 1702 PICKERSGILL, M. (1984): Three new Afrixalus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from South-Eastern Africa.- Durban Mus. Novit., 13: 203-220. id: 1703 PICKERSGILL, M. (1992): A new species of Afrixalus (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) from eastern Africa.- Steenstrupia, 18: 145-148. id: 1704 PICKERSGILL, M. (1994): An account of a field trip to Kenya, undertaken during May 1993.- Herptile, 19: 77-85. id: 1705 PICKERSGILL, M. (1995): Afrixalus dabagae PICKERSGILL 1992 relegated to synonomy.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 44: 58. id: 1706 PICKERSGILL, M. (1996): A new subspecies of Afrixalus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, and comments on its superspecies affinities.- Durban. Mus. Novit., 21: 49-59. id: 1707 POILECOT, P. (1991): Un ecosysteme de savane soudanienne: Le Parc National de la Comoe (Cote d'Ivoire).- UNESCO, IVC/87/007, 346 S. id: 1708 POLDER, W.N. (1975): Erfahrungen mit Hyperolius-Arten.- DATZ, 1975: 100-103. id: 1709 POREMBSKI, S. (1991): Beitraege zur Pflanzenwelt des Comoe-Nationalparks (Elfenbeinkueste).- Natur und Museum, 121 (3): 61-83 id: 1710 POWER, J.H. (1926a): Note on the tadpoles of Cassina senegalensis DUM. & BIBR.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 95: 427-428 + 1 plate. id: 1711 POWER, J.H. (1926b): Notes on the habits and life-histories of certain little-known Anura, with descriptions of the tadpoles.- Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr., 13: 107-117 + plates. id: 1712 POYNTON, J.C. (1962a): Geographical and ecological determinants of distribution patterns.- Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. Natl. Hist., 2: 32-36. id: 1713 POYNTON, J.C. (1962b): Patterns in the distribution of the Southern African Amphibia.- Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. Natl. Hist., 2: 252-272. id: 1714 POYNTON, J.C. (1963): Descriptions of Southern African amphibians.- Ann. Natal Mus., 15: 319-332 + 1 plate. id: 1715 POYNTON, J.C. (1964a): The Amphibia of Southern Africa: a faunal study.- Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 1-334. id: 1716 POYNTON, J.C. (1964b): Relationships between habitat and terrestrial breeding in amphibians.- Evolution, 18: 131. id: 1717 POYNTON, J.C. (1964c): Amphibia of the Nyasa-Luangwa region of Africa.- Senck. biol., 45 (3/5): 193-225. id: 1718 POYNTON, J.C. (1966): Amphibia of Northern Mozambique.- Mems. Inst. Invest. cient. Mocamb., Ser. A, 8: 13-33. id: 1719 POYNTON, J.C. (1970): Guide to the Ptychadena (Amphibia: Ranidae) of the southern third of Africa.- Ann. Natal Mus.- 20: 365-375. id: 1720 POYNTON, J.C. (1976): Classification and the Arthroleptinae.- Rev. Zool. afr., 90: 215-220. id: 1721 POYNTON, J.C. (1985a): On the Hyperolius marmoratus complex (Anura).- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 179-181. id: 1722 POYNTON, J.C. (1985b): Nomenclatural revision of southeast African treefrogs of the genus Leptopelis.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 466-468. id: 1723 POYNTON, J.C. (1986): Hyperolius argus (Anura) in Natal: taxonomy, biogeography and conservation.- S. Afr. J. Zool., 21: 149-152. id: 1724 POYNTON, J.C. (1990a): Composition and subtraction patterns of the East African lowland amphibian fauna.- In: PETERS, G. & R. HUTTERER (Eds.): Vertebrates in the tropics, Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn: 285-296. id: 1725 POYNTON, J.C. (1990b): Evolutionary activity in the southern part of Africa: evidence from the Amphibia.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 36: 2-6. id: 1726 POYNTON, J.C. (1991): Amphibians of southeastern Tanzania, with special reference to Stenophopaedes and Mertensophryne (Bufonidae).- Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, 152: 451-473. id: 1727 POYNTON, J.C. (1992): Amphibian diversity and species turnover in Southern Africa: Investigations by means of a Bloemfontein-Durban transect.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 40: 2-8. id: 1728 POYNTON, J.C. (1995): The 'arid corridor' distribution in Africa: a search for instances among amphibians.- Madoqua, 19: 45-48. id: 1729 POYNTON, J.C. (1996): Diversity and conservation of African bufonids (Anura): Some preliminary findings.- Afr. J. Herpetol., 45: 1-7. id: 1730 POYNTON, J.C. (1998): Tanzanian bufonid diversity: preliminary findings.- Herpetol. J., 8: 3-6. id: 1731 POYNTON, J.C. (1999): Distribution of amphibians in Sub-Sahran Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles. - In: DUELLMAN, W.E: (Ed.): Patterns of distribution of amphibians. A global perspective, Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London: 483-539. id: 1732 POYNTON, J.C. & A.J. BASS (1970): Environment and amphibian distribution in Zululand.- Zool. Afr., 5: 41-48. id: 1733 POYNTON, J.C. & D.G. BROADLEY (1985a): Amphibia Zambesiaca 1. Scolecomorphidae, Pipidae, Microhylidae, Hemisidae, Arthroleptidae.- Ann. Natal Mus., 26: 503-553. id: 1734 POYNTON, J.C. & D.G. BROADLEY (1985b): Amphibia Zambesiaca 2. Ranidae.- Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 115-181. id: 1735 POYNTON, J.C. & D.G. BROADLEY (1987): Amphibia Zambesiaca 3. Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae.- Ann. Natal Mus., 28: 161-229. id: 1736 POYNTON, J.C. & D.G. BROADLEY (1988): Amphibia Zambesiaca 4. Bufonidae.- Ann. Natal Mus., 29: 447-490. id: 1737 POYNTON, J.C. & D.G. BROADLEY (1991): Amphibia Zambesiaca 5. Zoogeography.- Ann. Natal Mus., 32: 221-277. id: 1738 POYNTON, J.C. & W.D. HAACKE (1993): On a collection of amphibians from Angola, including a new species of Bufo LAURENTI.- Ann. Transvaal Mus., 36: 9-16. id: 1739 POYNTON, J.C., K.M. HOWELL, B.T. CLARKE & J.C. LOVETT (1998): A critically endangered new species of Nectophrynoides (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania.- Afr. J. Herpetol., 47: 59-67. id: 1740 POYNTON, J.C. & A.J.L. LAMBIRIS (1988): On Bufo pantherinus A. SMITH, 1828 (Anura: Bufonidae), the leopard toad of the southwestern Cape, South Africa, with the designation of a neotype.- Afr. J. Herpetol., 47: 3-12. id: 1741 PROCTER, J.B. (1925): Notes on the nests of some African frogs.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1925: 909-910. id: 1742 QUANG TRONG, Y. LE (1975a): La peau et les glandes cutanees de Dicroglossus occipitalis GUENTHER.- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Ser. E, 8: 15-29. id: 1743 QUANG TRONG, Y. LE (1975b): Etude de la peau et les glandes cutanees de quelques amphibiens du genre Ptychadena.- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Ser. E, 8: 31-52. id: 1744 RABB, G.B. (1973): Evolutionary aspects of the reproductive behavior of frogs.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, Contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 213-227. id: 1745 RAAB, G.B. & M.S. RAAB (1963): On the behavior and breeding biology of the African pipid frog Hymenochirus boettgeri.- Z. Tierpsychol., 20: 215-241. id: 1746 RAW, L.R.G. (1982a): A new species of reed frog (Amphibia: Hyperoliidae) from the coastal lowlands of Natal, South Africa.- Durban Mus. Novit., 13: 117-126. id: 1747 RAW, L.R.G. (1982b): Observations on the over-wintering strategy of a marginal population of Hyperolius marmoratus at Cedara, Natal (Amphibia: Hyperoliidae).- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 27: 17-18. id: 1748 REID, J.C. (1987): Notes on the distribution of anurans among biotopes of the Calabar area of southeastern Nigeria.- In: VAN GELDER, J.J., H. STRIJBOSCH & P.J.M. BERGERS (Eds.): Proceedings of the 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, Nijmegen: 325-330. id: 1749 REUMER, J.W.F. (1986): Note on the taxonomic status of Xenopus ruwenzoriensis (Pipidae, Amphibia).- Rev. Suisse Zool., 93 (3): 641-645. id: 1750 REUMER, J.W.F. & J.-D. GRAF (1986): Contribution to the phylogeny of Xenopus (Anura: Pipidae).- In: ROCEK, Z. (Ed.): Studies in Herpetology, Prag: 107-110. id: 1751 REUMER, J.W.F. & C.-H. THIEBAUD (1987): Osteocyte lacunae size in the genus Xenopus (Pipidae).- Amphibia-Reptilia, 8: 315-320. id: 1752 RICHARDS, C.M. (1977): Reproductive potential under laboratory conditions of Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae), a Kenyan reed frog.- J. Herpetol., 11: 426-428. id: 1753 RICHARDS, C.M. (1981): A new color pattern variant and its inheritance in some members of the superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus (DUMERIL & BIBRON) (Amphibia Anura).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 16: 337-351. id: 1754 RICHARDS, C.M. (1982): The alteration of chromatophore expression by sex hormones in the Kenyan reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus.- Gen. Comp. Endocrin., 46: 59-67. id: 1755 RICHARDS, C.M. & W.S. MOORE (1996): A phylogeny of the African treefrog family Hyperoliidae based on mitochondrial rDNA.- Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5: 522-532. id: 1756 RICHARDS, C.M. & W.S. MOORE (1998): A molecular phylogenetic study of the Old World treefrog family Rhacophoridae.- Herpetol. J., 8: 41-46. id: 1757 RICHARDS, C.M. & A. SCHIOETZ (1977): A new species of reed frog, Hyperolius cystocandicans from Montane Kenya.- Copeia, 1977: 285-294. id: 1758 RICHARDS, C.M., B.M. CARLSON & S.L. RODGERS (1975): Regeneration of digits and forelimbs in the Kenyan red frog Hyperolius v. ferniquei.- J. Morph., 146: 431-445. id: 1759 RITTER, D. & K. NISHIKAWA (1995): The kinematics and mechanism of prey capture in the African Pig-Nosed Frog (Hemisus marmoratum): Description of a radically divergent anuran tongue.- J. expl. Biol., 198: 2025-2040. id: 1760 ROBERTS, J. & L. DUPASQUIER (1995): The immune system of Xenopus and metamorphosis.- Madoqua, 19: 49-55. id: 1761 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1990): Amphibien und Reptilien in kenianischen Nationalparks.- DATZ, 9/1990: 555-558. id: 1762 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1993): Laichstrategien und Schwarmverhalten von Phrynomantis microps (PETERS, 1875) (Anura: Microhylidae: Phrynomerinae) im Comoe-Nationalpark, Cote d'Ivoire.- unpublished diploma thesis, University of Tuebingen. id: 1763 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1995): Phrynobatrachus francisci im Comoe-Nationalpark, Elfenbeinkueste: Lebensraeume, Aktivitaet und Nahrung in der ausgehenden Trockenzeit.- Salamandra, 31: 79-92. id: 1764 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1996): Amphibien der westafrikanischen Savanne.- Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt/M., 295 pp. + 8 plates. id: 1765 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1997): Lebensraeume und Entwicklung junger Starrbrust-Pelomedusen Pelomedusa subrufa olivacea (SCHWEIGGER, 1812) im Comoe-Nationalpark, Elfenbeinkueste (Testudines: Pelomedusidae).- Herpetozoa, 10: 23-33. id: 1766 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1998a): A reproductive mode so far unknown in African ranids: Phrynobatrachus guineensis GUIBE & LAMOTTE, 1961 breeds in tree holes (Anura: Ranidae).- Herpetozoa, 11: 19-26. id: 1767 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1998b): Kaulquappengesellschaften ephemerer Savannengewaesser in Westafrika.- Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt/M., 195 pp. id: 1768 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1998c): A new Hyperolius species from Tai National Park, Ivory Coast (Anura: Hyperoliidae: Hyperoliinae).- Revue francaise d'aquariologie herpetologie, 25: 123-130. id: 1769 ROEDEL, M.-O. (1999): Predation on tadpoles by hatchlings of the freshwater turtle Pelomedusa subrufa.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 20: 173-183. id: 1770 ROEDEL, M.-O. & U. BRAUN (1999): Associations between anurans and ants in a West African savanna (Anura: Microhylidae, Hyperoliidae et Hymenoptera: Formicidae).- Biotropica, 31: 178-183. id: 1771 ROEDEL, M.-O., & R. ERNST (2000); Bufo taiensis n. sp., eine neue Kroete aus dem Tai-Nationalpark, Elfenbeinkueste.- herpetofauna. id: 1772 ROEDEL, M.-O.& K. GRABOW (1995): Die Schildkroeten und Krokodile des Comoe-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinkueste (Reptilia: Testudines et Crocodylia).- Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 20: 133-144. id: 1773 ROEDEL, M.-O.& K. GRABOW (1996): Zur Kenntnis von Cynisca rouxae.- Salamandra, 32: 13-22. id: 1774 ROEDEL, M.-O. & K. GRABOW (1997): Die Fischfauna des Comoe-Nationalparks.- DATZ, 9/1997: 576-582. id: 1775 ROEDEL, M.-O. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1997): Predator-induced swarms in the tadpoles of an African savanna frog, Phrynomantis microps (Anura: Microhylidae).- Ethology, 103: 902-914. id: 1776 ROEDEL, M.-O. & M. SPIELER (in press): Key to the savannah anurans of the Comoe-National Park, Ivory Coast.- Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., Ser. A. id: 1777 ROEDEL, M.-O., R. ERNST, G. LEISTNER & J. FAHR (2000): Zum Totstellverhalten einiger westafrikanischer Froesche.- Salamandra. id: 1778 ROEDEL, M.-O., K. GRABOW, C. BOECKHELER & D. MAHSBERG (1995a): Die Schlangen des Comoe-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinkueste (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes).- Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., Ser. A, Nr. 528: 1-18. id: 1779 ROEDEL, M.-O., K. GRABOW, J. HALLERMANN & C. BOECKHELER (1997): Die Echsen des Comoe-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinkueste.- Salamandra, 33: 225-240. id: 1780 ROEDEL, M.-O., K. KOUADIO & D. MAHSBERG (1999): Die Schlangen des Comoe-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinkueste: Ergaenzungen und Ausblick.- Salamandra, 35: 165-180. id: 1781 ROEDEL, M.-O., M. SPIELER, K. GRABOW & C. BOECKHELER (1995b): Hemisus marmoratus (PETERS, 1854) (Anura: Hemisotidae), Fortpflanzungsstrategien eines Savannenfrosches.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 45: 191-207. id: 1782 ROMER, J.D. (1953): Reptiles and amphibians collected in the Port Harcourt area of Nigeria.- Copeia, 1953: 121-123. id: 1783 ROSE, W. (1950): The reptiles and amphibians of southern Africa.- Maskew Miller Ltd., Cape Town, 378 pp. id: 1784 ROTH, H.H., G. MERZ & B. STEINHAUER (1984): Repartition et statut des grandes especes de mammiferes en Cote d'Ivoire, I. Introduction et II. Les elephants.- Mammalia, 48: 207-226. id: 1785 SABATER-PI, J. (1985): Contribution to the biology of the giant frog (Conraua goliath, BOULENGER).- Amphibia-Reptilia, 6: 143-153. id: 1786 SANDERSON, I.T. (1936): The amphibians of the Mamfe Division, Cameroon.- II. Ecology of the frogs.- Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936: 165-208 + 1 plate. id: 1787 SALEWSKI, V. & F. BAIERLEIN (1997): Comoe-Nationalpark, Elfenbeinkueste: Forschung und Vogelbeobachtung im groessten Schutzgebiet Westafrikas.- Der Falke, 44: 356-363. id: 1788 SALTHE, N.S. & W.E. DUELLMAN (1973): Quantitative constraints associated with reproductive mode in anurans.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, Contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 229-249. id: 1789 SALTHE, S.N. & J.S. MECHAM (1974): Reproductive and courtship patterns.- In: LOFTS, B. (Ed.): Physiology of the Amphibia, Vol. II.- Academic Press, New York & London : 309-521. id: 1790 SALVADOR, A. (1996): Amphibians of Northwest Africa.- Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, No. 109: 1-43. id: 1791 SAVAGE, J.M. (1973): The geographic distribution of frogs: patterns and predictions.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, Contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 351-445. id: 1792 SCHAETTI, B. (1986): Herpetologische Ausbeute einer Sammelreise nach Mali (Amphibia, Reptilia).- Rev. Suisse Zool., 93: 765-778. id: 1793 SCHAETTI, B. (1989): Amphibien und Reptilien aus der Arabischen Republik Jemen und Djibouti.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 96: 905-937. id: 1794 SCHEEL, J.J. (1970): Notes on the biology of the African tree-toad, Nectophryne afra BUCHHOLZ & PETERS, 1875, (Bufonidae, Anura) from Fernando Poo.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 81: 225-236. id: 1795 SCHIOETZ, A. (1963): The amphibians of Nigeria.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 125: 1-92 + 4 plates. id: 1796 SCHIOETZ, A. (1964a): A preliminary list of amphibians collected in Ghana.- Vidensk. Meddr id: 1797 dansk naturh. Foren., 127: 1-17. id: 1798 SCHIOETZ, A. (1964b): A preliminary list of amphibians collected in Sierra Leone.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 127: 19-33 + 1 plate. id: 1799 SCHIOETZ, A. (1964c): The voices of some West African amphibians.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 127: 35-83. id: 1800 SCHIOETZ, A. (1966): On a collection of amphibia from Nigeria.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 129: 43-48 + 3 plates. id: 1801 SCHIOETZ, A. (1967): The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa.- Spolia zool. Mus. haun., 25: 1-346. id: 1802 SCHIOETZ, A. (1968): On a collection of amphibia from Liberia and Guinea.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 131: 105-108. id: 1803 SCHIOETZ, A. (1969): The Amphibia of West Africa: A review.- Niger. Fld, 34: 4-17. id: 1804 SCHIOETZ, A. (1971a): The superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus (Anura).- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 134: 21-76. id: 1805 SCHIOETZ, A. (1971b): Evolution and mating call: ecological consideration.- Herpetol. Rev., 3: 11. id: 1806 SCHIOETZ, A. (1973): Evolution of anuran mating calls, ecological aspects.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, Contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 311-319. id: 1807 SCHIOETZ, A. (1974): Revision of the genus Afrixalus (Anura) in Eastern Africa.- Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren., 137: 9-18. id: 1808 SCHIOETZ, A. (1975): The treefrogs of Eastern Africa.- Steenstrupia, Copenhagen, 232 pp. id: 1809 SCHIOETZ, A. (1976): Zoogeographical patterns in the distribution of East African tree frogs (Anura: Ranidae).- Zool. Afr., 11: 335-338. id: 1810 SCHIOETZ, A. (1981): The amphibia in the forested basement hills of Tanzania: a biogeographical indicator group.- Afr. J. Ecol., 19: 205-207. id: 1811 SCHIOETZ, A. (1982): On two Afrixalus (Anura) from Central Zaire.- Steenstrupia, 8: 261-265. id: 1812 SCHIOETZ, A. (1982): Two new Hyperolius (Anura) from Tanzania.- Steenstrupia, 8: 269-276. id: 1813 SCHIOETZ, A. (1999): Treefrogs of Africa.- Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt/M., 350 pp. id: 1814 SCHMIDT, K.P. & R.F. INGER (1959): Amphibians exclusive of the genera Afrixalus and Hyperolius.- Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G.F. DE WITTE, Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, Fasc. 56: 1-264 + 9 plates. id: 1815 SCHMIDT, W. (1973): Vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen im Savannenreservat Lamto (Elfenbeinkueste).- Vegetatio, 28: 145-200. id: 1816 SCHMITZ, A., O. EUSKIRCHEN & W. BOEHME (1999): Zur Herpetofauna einer montanen Bergwaldregion in SW-Kamerun (Mt. Kupe und Bakossi-Bergland) 1. Einleitung, Bufonidae und Hyperoliidae.- herpetofauna 21, (121): 5-17. id: 1817 SCHMUCK, R. (1989): Oekophysiologie afrikanischer Riedfroesche, Besiedlung extremer Lebensraeume.- Oekologie in Forschung und Anwendung Nr. 3, Margraf, Weikersheim, 208 pp. id: 1818 SCHMUCK, R. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1992): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, VI. The iridophores in the skin as radiation reflectors.- J. comp. Physiol., B, 75: 354-361. id: 1819 SCHMUCK, R. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1997): Regulation of body water balance in reedfrogs (superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus: Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) living in unpredictable varying savannah environments.- Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 118 A: 1335-1352. id: 1820 SCHMUCK, R., W. GEISE & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1994): Life cycle strategies and physiological adjustments of reedfrog tadpoles (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in relation to environmental conditions.- Copeia, 1994: 996-1007. id: 1821 SCHMUCK, R., F. KOBELT & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1988): Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia: Anura: Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment, V. Iridophores and nitrogen metabolism.- J. Comp. Physiol., B, 158: 537-546. id: 1822 SCHNEICHEL, W. & H. SCHNEIDER (1988): Hearing and calls of the banana frog, Afrixalus fornasinii (BIANCONI) (Anura: Rhacophoridae).- Amphibia-Reptilia, 9: 251-264. id: 1823 SCORTECCI, G. (1929): Contributo alla conoscenza degli anfibi dell'Eritrea.- Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 68: 175-192 + 2 plates. id: 1824 SCORTECCI, G. (1932): Nuove specie di anfibi e rettili della Somalia italiana.- Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano, 71: 264-269. id: 1825 SCOTT, N.J. (1982): The herpetofauna of forest litter plots from Cameroon Africa.- In: SCOTT, N.J. (Ed.): Herpetological communities. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report 13: 145-150. id: 1826 SEEHAUSEN, O. (1986): Lurchherpetologische Beobachtungen im Regenwald Suedkameruns. Teil 1: Die Kuestenregion.- Sauria, 8: 23-26. id: 1827 SEEHAUSEN, O. (1987): Lurchherpetologische Beobachtungen im Regenwald Suedkameruns. Teil 2: Das Inland.- Sauria, 9: 3-7. id: 1828 SEYMOUR, R.S. & J.P. LOVERIDGE (1994): Embryonic and larval respiration in the arboreal foam nests of the African frog Chiromantis xerampelina.- J. exp. Biol., 197: 31-46. id: 1829 SHOEMAKER, V.H. (1988): Physiological ecology of amphibians in arid environments.- J. Arid Environments, 14: 145-153. id: 1830 SIMBOTWE, M.P. (1986): Development of herpetology in Zambia - History and future prospects.- Brit. Herpetol. Soc. Bull., 18: 9-11. id: 1831 SIMBOTWE, M.P. (1988): Records of two species of Hylarana (Anura: Ranidae).- Herpetol. J., 1: 312-314. id: 1832 SIMBOTWE, M.P. & L.J. GUILLETTE (1990): Zoogeography of the herpetofauna of Botswana and its management implications.- Afr. J. Ecol., 28: 103-110. id: 1833 SIMBOTWE, M.P.M. & R. MUBAMBA (1993): A guide to reptiles, amphibians and fishes of Zambia.- Wildlife Conservation Society of Zambia, Lusaka, 89 pp. id: 1834 SMIT, G.N. (1992): Season of calling and breeding and associated control factors of a northern Transvaal anuran population.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 40: 51-55. id: 1835 SOKOL, O.M. (1975): The phylogeny of anuran larvae: a new look.- Copeia, 1975: 1-23. id: 1836 SOKOL, O.M. (1977): The free swimming Pipa larvae, with a review of pipid larvae and pipid phylogeny (Anura: Pipidae).- J. Morph., 154: 357-425. id: 1837 SPAWLS, S. (1988): Making a herpetological collecting trip to Africa.- Brit. Herpetol. Soc. Bull., 24: 22-31. id: 1838 SPIELER, M. (1997a): Anpassungen westafrikanischer Froschlurche an Trockenstress und Raeuberdruck in einer westafrikanischen Savanne.- Salamandra, 33: 133-152. id: 1839 SPIELER, M. (1997b): Anpassungen westafrikanischer Anuren an Austrocknungsrisiko und Raeuberdruck in einem saisonalen Lebensraum.- Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag, Berlin, 181 pp. id: 1840 SPIELER, M. (1997c): Radio-telemetrische Untersuchungen zur Laichplatzwahl eines westafri-kanischen Raniden.- In: HENLE, K. & M. VEITH (Eds.): Naturschutzrelevante Methoden der Feldherpetologie, Mertensiella, 7: 203-220. id: 1841 SPIELER, M. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1997): Choice of optimal ovipositionsite by Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Anura: Ranidae) in an unpredictable and patchy environment.- Oecologia, 109: 184-199. id: 1842 SPIELER, M. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1998): Migration patterns and diurnal use of shelter in a ranid frog of a West African savannah: a telemetric study.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 19: 43-64. id: 1843 SPIELER, M. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1999a): Aggregation behaviour of Bufo maculatus tadpoles as an antipredator mechanism.- Ethology, 105: 665-686. id: 1844 SPIELER, M. & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1999b) The larval mite Endotrombicula pillersi (Acarina: Trombiculidae) as a species-specific parasite of a West African savannah frog (Phrynobatrachus francisci).- Am. Midl. Nat., 142: 152-161. id: 1845 STARRETT, P.H. (1973): Evolutionary patterns in larval morphology.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, Contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 251-271. id: 1846 STEINHAUER-BURKART, B. (1987): Denombrement et distribution des grands mammiferes du Parc National de la Comoe (Cote d'Ivoire). Notes sur la grandeur des troupeaux et leurs saisons de reproduction.- Mammalia, 51: 283-303. id: 1847 STEINWARZ, D. (1990): Morphology of the larynx of the banana frog Afrixalus fornasinii (BIANCONI) (Anura).- Amphibia-Reptila, 11: 53-59. id: 1848 STEVENS, R.A. (1971): A new treefrog from Malawi Hyperoliinae, Amphibia).- Zool. Afr., 6: 313-320. id: 1849 STEVENS, R.A. (1974): An annotated check list of the amphibians and reptiles known to occur in south-eastern Malawi.- Arnoldia, 6: 1-22. id: 1850 STEWART, M.M. & V.J. WILSON (1966): Herpetofauna of the Nyika Plateau (Malawi and Zambia).- Ann. Natal Mus., 18: 287-314. id: 1851 STEWART, M.M. (1967): The amphibians of Malawi.- State University Press, New York, 164 pp. id: 1852 STEWART, M.M. (1974): Parallel pattern polymorphism in the genus Phrynobatrchus (Amphibia: Ranidae).- Copeia, 1974: 823-832. id: 1853 SWISHER, J.E. (1969): Spawning turnovers in Xenopus tropicalis.- Am. Zool., 9: 573. id: 1854 TANDY, M. & R.C. DREWES (1985): Mating calls of the 'kassinoid' genera Kassina, Kassinula, Phlyctimantis and Tornierella (Anura: Hyperoliidae).- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 191-195. id: 1855 TANDY, M. & D.J. FEENER (1985): Geographic variation in species of the Bufo blanfordi group (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) and description of a new species.- Proc. int. Symp. Afr. Vertebr., Bonn: 549-585. id: 1856 TANDY, M. & R. KEITH (1972): Bufo of Africa.- In: BLAIR, W.F. (Ed.): Evolution in the genus Bufo, University of Texas Press, Austin & London: 119-170. id: 1857 TANDY, M., J.P. BOGART, M.J. LARGEN & D.J. FEENER (1982): A tetraploid species of Bufo (Anura Bufonidae) from Ethiopia.- Monit. zool. ital. N.S. Suppl., 17: 1-79. id: 1858 TANDY, M., J.P. BOGART, M.J. LARGEN & D.J. FEENER (1985): Variation and evolution in Bufo kerinyagae KEITH, B. regularis REUSS and B. asmarae TANDY et al. (Anura Bufonidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 20: 211-267. id: 1859 TANDY, M, J. TANDY, R. KEITH & A. DUFF-MACKAY (1976): A new species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from Africa's dry savannas.- Pearce-Sellards Ser. Tex. Mem. Mus., 24: 1-20. id: 1860 TAWFIK, A.A., M.S.A. AKEF, S.S. ABDEL-MAGEID & A.Z. EISA (1996): Taxonomic evidence of Bufo regularis REUSS, 1834 and Bufo kassasii BAHA EL-DIN, 1993 (Amphibia, Bufonidae) in Egypt: morphometric and electrophoretic discriminations.- J. Afr. Zool., 110: 7-13. id: 1861 TAYLOR, E.H. & D. WEYER (1958): Report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from Harbel, Republic of Liberia.- Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 38: 1191-1229. id: 1862 TELFORD, S.R. (1985): Mechansim and evolution of intermale spacing in the painted reed frog Hyperolius marmoratus.- Anim. Behav., 33: 1353-1361. id: 1863 TELFORD, S.R. & M.L. DYSON (1988): Some determinants of the mating system in a population of painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus).- Behaviour, 106: 265-278. id: 1864 TELFORD, S.R. & M.L. DYSON (1990): The effect of rainfall on interclutch interval in painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus).- Copeia, 1990: 644-648. id: 1865 TELFORD, S.R. & N.I. PASSMORE (1981): Selective phonotaxis of four sympatric species of African reed frogs (Genus Hyperolius).- Herpetologica, 37:29-32. id: 1866 TINSLEY, R.C. (1973): Studies on the ecology and systematics of a new species of clawed toad, the genus Xenopus, from western Uganda.- J. Zool., London, 169: 1-27. id: 1867 TINSLEY, R.C. (1981a): Interactions between Xenopus species (Anura Pipidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 9: 133-150. id: 1868 TINSLEY, R.C. (1981b): The evidence from parasite relationships for the evolutionary status of Xenopus (Anura Pipidae).- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 19: 367-385. id: 1869 TINSLEY, R.C. (1995): A new species of Xenopus (Anura: Pipidae) from the highlands of Ethiopia.- Amphibia-Reptilia, 16: 375-388. id: 1870 TINSLEY, R.C., H.R. KOBEL & M. FISCHBERG (1979): The biology and systematics of a new species of Xenopus (Anura: Pipidae) from the highlands of Central Africa.- J. Zool., London, 188: 69-102. id: 1871 TOFT, C.A. (1982): Community structure of litter anurans in a tropical forest, Makokou, Gabon: a preliminary analysis in the minor dry season.- Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie), 36: 223-232. id: 1872 TYLER, M.J. (1989): Australian Frogs.- Victoria a.o. (Viking O'Neil), 220 pp. id: 1873 URBAN, E.K. (1967): Notes on a collection of amphibians from Ethiopia.- J. E. Afr. nat. Hist. Soc., 26: 85-86. id: 1874 VALKENBORGH, F. (1985): Herpetologische waarnemingen in Tanzania.- Wielewaal, 51: 323-328. id: 1875 VAN AARDT, W.J. (1992): Haemolysate and haemoglobin oxygen affinity of the post hibernating African bullfrog Pyxicephalus adspersus TSCHUDI (Anura: Ranidae).- J. Afr. Zool., 106: 39-43. id: 1876 VAN DEN ELZEN, P. & D.A. KREULEN (1979): Notes on the vocalisations of some amphibians from the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.- Bonn. zool. Beitr., 30: 385-403. id: 1877 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1966): Systematic and field key to the families, genera and described species of Southern African anuran tadpoles.- Ann. Natal Mus., 18: 231-286. id: 1878 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1971a): A further contribution to the systematics of Southern African anuran tadpoles - the genus Bufo.- Ann. Natal Mus., 21: 71-76. id: 1879 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1971b): Anuran ecology in relation particularly to oviposition and development out of water.- Zool. Afr., 6: 119-132. id: 1880 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1972): The behaviour of Southern African anuran tadpoles with particular references to their ecology and related external morphological features.- Zool. Afr., 7: 49-55. id: 1881 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1977a): Habitats and dispersal of Southern African Anura.- Zool. Afr., 12: 169-181. id: 1882 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1977b): Diagnostic characters of Tomopterna and Rana (sensu stricto) tadpoles.- Zool. Afr., 12: 242-244. id: 1883 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1981a): Material data other than preserved specimens.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 21: 393-400. id: 1884 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1981b): Some problems during a study of the literature on African Anura.- Monit. zool. ital., N.S. Suppl. 15, No. 22: 401-408. id: 1885 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1982): Anuran distribution, rainfall and soils in Southern Africa.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 78: 401-406. id: 1886 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1985a): An addition to the fossil Anura of Southern Africa.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 207-208. id: 1887 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1985b): Hemisus marmoratum adults reported to carry tadpoles.- S. Afr. J. Sci., 81: 209-210. id: 1888 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1995a): African fossil Lissamphibia.- Palaeont. afr., 32: 39-43. id: 1889 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1995b): Fossil anura of Southern Africa.- Madoqua, 19: 57-60. id: 1890 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1996): Anuran fauna of the Lesotho Highlands in the Khatse Dam catchment area and Jorodane River region.- Koedoe, 39: 77-90. id: 1891 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1997a): Melanism in Strongylopus (Amphibia: Ranidae).- Afr. J. Herpetol., 46: 54-57. id: 1892 VAN DIJK, D.E. (1997b): Parental care in Hemisus (Anura: Hemisotidae).- S. Afr. J. Zool., 32: 56-57. id: 1893 VANDORPE, G., E.R. KUEHN & H. GEVAERTS (1990): Failure to relate thyroid hormones and in vitro 5'monodeiodination activity to oocyte development and sex steroids in the giant swamp frog Dicroglossus occipitalis at the Equator.- Gen. Comp. Endocrin., 79: 469-476. id: 1894 VAN WYK, J.P.C., D.J. KOK & L.H. DU PREEZ (1992a): Pyxicephalus adspersus adspersus common bullfrog, predation on tadpoles.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 41: 40. id: 1895 VAN WYK, J.P.C., D.J. KOK & L.H. DU PREEZ (1992b): Growth and behaviour of tadpoles and juveniles of the African bullfrog Pyxicephalus adspersus TSCHUDI, 1838.- J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 40: 56. id: 1896 VAN WYK, J.C.P., D.J. KOK & L.H. DUPREZ (1998): Kassina senegalensis, bubbling Kassina, reproduction, clutch size.- African Herp News, 27: 15. id: 1897 VIGNY, C. (1977a): Heredite du 4e ongle et du tubercule metatarsien dans le genre Xenopus.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 84: 181-185. id: 1898 VIGNY, C. (1977b): Nouveau critere de determination dans le genre Xenopus: repartition des bourrelets sensoriels chez 14 especes et sous-especes.- Rev. Suisse Zool., 84: 309-317. id: 1899 VIGNY, C. (1979): The mating calls of 12 species and sub-species of the genus Xenopus (Amphibia: Anura).- J. Zool., London, 188: 103-122. id: 1900 VISSER, J. & A. CHANNING (1997): A new species of river frog from the Swartberg, South Africa (Ranidae: Afrana).- J. Afr. Zool., 111: 191-198. id: 1901 VUATTOUX, R. (1968): Le peuplement du palmier ronier (Borassus aethiopum) d'une savane de Cote d'Ivoire.- Ann. Univ. Abidjan, Ser. E, 1: 1-138. id: 1902 WAGER, V.A. (1929):The breeding habits and life-histories of some of the Transvaals amphibia II.- Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr., 17:125-135. id: 1903 WAGER, V.A. (1956): The brown-spotted tree frog.- Afr. Wild Life, 10: 229-234. id: 1904 WAGER, V.A. (1958): The spotted burrowing frog.- Afr. Wild Life, 12: 201-205. id: 1905 WAGER, V.A. (1961): The running frog.- Afr. Wild Life, 15: 35-38. id: 1906 WAGER, V.A. (1986): Frogs of South Africa, their fascinating life stories.- Delta, Craighall, 183 pp. id: 1907 WAKE, D.B. & A.G. KLUGE (1961): The Machris expedition to Tchad, Africa.- Contributions in Science, 40: 3-12. id: 1908 WAKE, M.H. (1980): The reproductive biology of Nectophrynoides malcolmi (Amphibia: Bufonidae), with comments on the evolution of reproductive modes in the genus Nectophrynoides.- Copeia, 1980: 193-209. id: 1909 WALKER, B. (1966): An uncommon frog, Pyxicephalus adspersus.- Niger. Fld, 31: 177-180. id: 1910 WALKER, B. (1967): An elusive frog, Rana galamensis.- Niger. Fld, 32: 22-26. id: 1911 WALKER, R.B. (1968): The amphibians of Zaria, in the northern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria.- Copeia, 1968: 164-167 id: 1912 WALKER, B. (1969): The burrowing frog: Hemisus marmoratus (PETERS).- Niger. Fld, 34: 72-76. id: 1913 WARBURG, M.R., M. ROSENZWEIG & K.E. LINSENMAIR (1998): Hitherto undescribed ultrastructural features in the epidermis of two African amphibians.- Herpetol. J., 8: 47-50. id: 1914 WASSERSUG, R.J. (1973): Aspects of social behavior in anuran larvae.- In: VIAL, J.L. (Ed.): Evolutionary biology of the anurans, contemporary research on major problems.- University of Missouri Press, Columbia: 273-297. id: 1915 WASSERSUG, R.J. (1975): The adaptive significance of the tadpole stage, with comments on the maintenance of complex life cycles in anurans.- Am. Zool., 15: 405-417. id: 1916 WERNER, F. (1899): Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, groesstentheils aus dem koeniglichen Museum fuer Naturkunde in Berlin.- Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 49: 132-157. id: 1917 WEYGOLDT, P. (1976): Beobachtungen zur Biologie und Ethologie von Pipa (Hemipipa) carvalhoi MIR.RIB. 1937 (Anura, Pipidae).- Z. Tierpsychol., 40: 80-99. id: 1918 WICKLER, W. & U. SEIBT (1974): Rufen und Antworten bei Kassina senegalensis, Bufo regularis und anderen Anuren.- Z. Tierpsychol., 34: 524-537. id: 1919 WIECZOREK, A.M. & A. CHANNING (1997): The taxonomic status of Broadley's reed frog.- Afr. J. Herpetol., 46: 110-116. id: 1920 WIECZOREK, A.M., A. CHANNING & R.C. DREWES (1998): A review of the taxonomy of the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex.- Herpetol. J., 8: 29-34. id: 1921 WILLIAMSON, I. & C.M. BULL (1995): Life-history variation in a population of the Australian frog Ranidella signifera: Seasonal changes in clutch parameters.- Copeia, 1995: 105-113. id: 1922 WILSON, B.A., G. VAN DER HORST & A. CHANNING (1995): A comparison of Ranid versus Rhacophorid sperm: two extremes.- Madoqua, 19: 61-64. id: 1923 WILSON, B.A., G. VAN DER HORST & A. CHANNING (1998): Comparison of mortality patterns of sperm asirated from amplectant pairs of Xenopus laevis, by electro-ejaculation and from the testes.- Herpetol. J., 8: 51-56. id: 1924 WINSTON, R.M. (1955): Identification and ecology of the toad Bufo regularis.- Copeia, 1955 (1): 293-302. id: 1925 WITHERS, P.C. (1995): Cocoon formation and structure in the aestivating Australian desert frogs, Neobatrachus and Cyclorana.- Aust. J. Zool. 43: 429-441. id: 1926 WITHERS, P.C., S.S. HILLMAN, R.C. DREWES & O.M. SOKOL (1982): Water loss and nitrogen excretion in sharp-nosed reed frogs (Hyperolius nasutus: Anura, Hyperoliidae).- J. exp. Biol., 97: 335-343. id: 1927 WITHERS, P.C., S.S. HILLMAN & R.C. DREWES (1984): Evaporative water loss and skin lipids of anuran amphibians.- J. exp. Zool., 232: 11-17. id: 1928 WITHERS, P., G. LOUW & S. NICHOLSON (1982): Water loss, oxygen consumption and colour change in "waterproof" reed frogs (Hyperolius).- S. Afr. J. Sci., 78: 30-32. id: 1929 WITTE, DE G.F. (1917): Revision du genre Phrynobatrachus GUENTH. et description d'une espece nouvelle.- Rev. Zool. afr., 6: 220-228. id: 1930 WITTE, DE G.F. (1933): Description d'un batracien nouveau du genre Cassina.- Rev. Zool. Bot. afr., 23: 172-174. id: 1931 WITTE, DE G.F. (1934): Batraciens recoltes au Congo Belge par le Dr. H. SCHOUTEDEN et par M. G.-F. DE WITTE.- Ann. Mus. Congo. Belg., Ser. 1 (Zool.), 3: 153-188 + 7 plates. id: 1932 WITTE, DE G.F. (1941): Batraciens et reptiles.- Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G.F. DE WITTE (1933-1935), Fasc. 33: 1-261 + 86 plates. id: 1933 XAVIER, F. (1978): Une espece nouvelle de Nectophrynoides (Anura, Bufonidae) des Monts Nimba, N. liberiensis n.sp. I - description de l'espece.- Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 103: 431-441. id: 1934 XAVIER, F. (1980?): La reproduction des Nectophrynoides.- In: GRASSE, P.-P. (Ed.): Traite de Zoologie, anatomie, systematique, biologie, 14, I-B: 497-513. id: 1935 XAVIER, F., M. ZUBER-VOGELI & Y LE QUANG TRONG (1970): Recherches sur l'activite endocrine de l'ovarie de Nectophrynoides occidentalis ANGEL (Amphibien Anoure vivipare). I. Etude histochemique.- Gen. Comp. Endocrin., 15: 425-431. id: 1936 ZUG, G.R. (1987): Amphibians and reptiles of the Outamba-Kilimi region, Sierra Leone.- J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr., 33: 1-4.