The following literature references are from Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, edited by Michael Lannoo (©2005 by the Regents of the University of California), used with permission of University of California Press. The book is available from UC Press.

Babbitt, K.J. 1995. Natural history notes: Bufo terrestris (southern toad). Oophagy. Herpetological Review 26:30.
Babbitt, K.J. and F. Jordan. 1996. Predation on Bufo terrestris tadpoles: effects of cover and predator identity. Copeia 1996:485–488.
Babbitt, K.J. and G.W. Tanner. 1997. Effects of cover and predator identity on predation of Hyla squirella tadpoles. Journal of Herpetology 31:128–130.
Babbitt, L.H. 1932. Some remarks on Connecticut herpetology. Bulletin of the Boston Society of Natural History 63:23–28.
Babbitt, L.H. 1937. The Amphibia of Connecticut. Bulletin of the State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut 57:1–50.
Babbitt, L.H. and C.H. Babbitt. 1951. A herpetological study of burned-over areas in Dade County, Florida. Copeia 1951:79.
Babcock, J.V. 1977. Endangered plants and animals of Kentucky. Office of Research and Engineering Services, Publication IMMR25-GR4-77, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Bacchus, S.T., K. Richter and P. Moler. 1993. Geographical distribution: Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). Herpetological Review 24:65.
Bachmann, K. and J.P. Bogart. 1975. Comparative cytochemical measurements in the diploid-tetraploid species pair of hylid frogs Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 15:186–194.
Bachmann, M.D. 1984. Defensive behavior of brooding female red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Herpetologica 40:436–443.
Bachmann, M.D., R.G. Carlton, J.M. Burkholder and R.G. Wetzel. 1986. Symbiosis between salamander eggs and green algae: microelectrode measurements made inside eggs demonstrate effect of photosynthesis on oxygen concentration. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:1586–1588.
Badaracco, R. 1962. Amphibians and reptiles of Lassen Volcanic National Park. Lassen Volcanic National Park, Mineral, California.
Bader, R.N. and J.C. Mitchell. 1982. Geographic distribution: Ambystoma talpoideum (mole salamander). Herpetological Review 13:23.
Badger, D. and J. Netherton. 1995. Frogs. Voyageur Press, Stillwater, Minnesota.
Bagdonas, K.R. and D. Pettus. 1976. Genetic compatibility in wood frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Journal of Herpetology 10:105–112.
Bahret, R. 1996. Ecology of lake dwelling Eurycea bislineata in the Shawangunk Mountains, New York. Journal of Herpetology 30:399–401.
Bailey, J.E. 1992. An ecological study of the Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki Mittleman, in West Virginia. Master's thesis. Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.
Bailey, J.E. and T.K. Pauley. 1993. Aspects of the natural history of the Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki, in West Virginia. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 40:133.
Bailey, J.R. 1937. Notes on plethodont salamanders of the southeastern United States. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Number 364, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Bailey, M.A. 1989. Migration of Rana areolata sevosa and associated winter-breeding amphibians at a temporary pond in the Lower Coastal Plain of Alabama. Master's thesis. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
Bailey, M.A. 1990. Movement of the dusky gopher frog (Rana areolata sevosa) at a temporary pond in the lower coastal plain of Alabama. Pp. 27–43. In Dodd, C.K., Jr., R.E. Ashton Jr., R. Franz and E. Wester (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting, Gopher Tortoise Council. Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida.
Bailey, M.A. 1991. The dusky gopher frog in Alabama. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 62:28–34.
Bailey, M.A. 1992. Black warrior waterdog status survey. Alabama Natural Heritage Program to Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Unpublished report, Montgomery, Alabama.
Bailey, M.A. 1994. An investigation of the dusky gopher frog in Alabama. 1994. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Unpublished report, Jackson, Mississippi.
Bailey, M.A. 1995. Performance report, black warrior waterdog survey 1994–95. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Unpublished report, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Montgomery, Alabama.
Bailey, M.A. and J. Jensen. 1993. Survey for the dusky gopher frog and flatwoods salamander, Conecuh National Forest, Alabama. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Unpublished report, Andalusia, Alabama.
Bailey, R.M. 1943. Four species new to the Iowa herpetofauna, with notes on their natural histories. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 50:347–352.
Bailey, R.M. 1944. Iowa’s frogs and toads. Iowa Conservationist 3:17–20.
Bailey, R.M. and M.K. Bailey. 1941. The distribution of Iowa toads. Iowa State College Journal of Science 15:169–177.
Bailey, V. 1913. Life zones and crop zones of New Mexico. North American Fauna 35:1–100.
Baird, S.F. 1849 (1850). Descriptions of four new species of salamanders and one new species of scinck. Journal of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Series 2, 1:292–294.
Baird, S.F. 1850. Revision of the North American tailed batrachia, with description of new genera and species. Journal of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Series 2, 1:281–292.
Baird, S.F. 1854a. Reptiles of the Boundary. Pp. 1–35. In Emory, W.H., United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Part II, Zoology of the Boundary. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
Baird, S.F. 1854b. Descriptions of new genera and species of North American frogs. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7:59–62.
Baird, S.F. 1859. Report upon the reptiles of the route. Pp. 37–45. In Explorations and Surveys, R.R. Route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1853–56. Volume 10, Williamson’s Route. Zoological Report, Part 6, Number 4, Washington, D.C.
Baird, S.F. and C. Girard. 1852a. Characteristics of some new reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6 (2,4,5):68–70, 125–129, 173.
Baird, S.F. and C. Girard. 1852b. Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, Under the Command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:174–177.
Baird, S.F. and C. Girard. 1853a. List of reptiles collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:301.
Baird, S.F. and C. Girard. 1853b. Communication by Mr. Charles Girard on behalf of Prof. Baird and himself, upon a species of frog and another toad. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:378.
Baird, S.F. and C. Girard. 1853c. Descriptions of new species of reptiles collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Second part. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:378–379.
Baird, T.A. 1983. Influence of social and predatory stimuli in the air-breathing behavior of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Copeia 1983:411–420.
Baker, A.S. 1951. A study of the expression of the burnsi gene in adult Rana pipiens. Journal of Experimental Zoology 116:191–229.
Baker, C.L. 1945. The natural history and morphology of Amphiumidae. Report of the Reelfoot Lake Biological Station 9:55–91.
Baker, C.L. 1947. The species of Amphiumae. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 22:9–21.
Baker, C.L., L.C. Baker and M.F. Caldwell. 1947. Observation of copulation in Amphiuma tridactylum. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 22:87–88.
Baker, J.K. 1957. Eurycea troglodytes: a new blind cave salamander from Texas. Texas Journal of Science 9:328–336.
Baker, J.K. 1961. Distribution of and key to the neotenic Eurycea of Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 6:27–32.
Baker, J.M.R. and V. Waights. 1994. The effects of nitrate on tadpoles of the treefrog (Litoria caerulea). Herpetological Journal 4:106–108.
Baker, K.N. 1985. Laboratory and field experiments on the responses by two species of woodland salamanders to malathion‑treated substrates. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14:685–691.
Baker, L.C. 1937. Mating habits and life history of Amphiuma tridactylum Cuvier and effects of pituitary injections. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 12:206–218.
Baker, M.R. 1977. Redescription of Oswaldocruzia pipiens (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) from amphibians of eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55:104–109.
Baker, M.R. 1978a. Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and amphibians of southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56:2127–2141.
Baker, M.R. 1978b. Transmission of Cosmocercoides dukae (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) to amphibians. Journal of Parasitology 64:765–766.
Baker, M.R. 1979. The free-living and parasitic development of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) in amphibians. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57:161–178.
Baker, M.R. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Occasional Papers in Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland.
Baker, R.H. 1942. The bullfrog, a Texas wildlife resource. Texas Game Fish Oyster Commission Bulletin 23, Austin, Texas.
Bakkegard, K.A. 2001. Activity, foraging, and body size of the Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti. Master's thesis. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
Bakkegard, K.A. 2002. Activity patterns of Red Hills salamanders (Phaeognathus hubrichti) at their burrow entrances. Copeia 2002:851–856.
Bakker, T.C.M., D. Mazzi and S. Zala. 1997. Parasite-induced changes in behavior and color make Gammarus pulex more prone to fish predation. Ecology 78:1098–1104.
Baldauf, R.J. 1947. Desmognathus f. fuscus eating eggs of its own species. Copeia 1947:66.
Baldauf, R.J. 1952. Climatic factors influencing the breeding migration of the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw). Copeia 1952:178–181.
Baldauf, R.J. 1959. Morphological criteria and their use in showing bufonid phylogeny. Journal of Morphology 104:527–560.
Baldauf, R.J. and J.C. Truett. 1964. First record of Ambystoma talpoideum (Holbrook) from Texas. Copeia 1964:221.
Baldwin, K.S. and R.A. Stanford. 1987. Life history notes: Ambystoma tigrinum californiense (California tiger salamander). Predation. Herpetological Review 18:33.
Baldwin, R.F. and A.J.K. Calhoun. 2002. Naturel history notes: Ambystoma laterale (blue-spotted salamander) and Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander). Predation. Herpetological Review 33:44–45.
Baldwin, R.F. and D. Vasconcelos. 2003. Natural history notes: Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander) and Rana sylvatica (wood frog). Habitat. Herpetological Review 34:353–354.
Balinsky, B.I. 1969. The reproductive ecology of amphibians of the Transvaal Highveld. Zoologica Africana 4:37–93.
Balinsky, J.B., E.L. Choritz, C.G.L. Coe and G.S. Van der Schans. 1967. Amino acid metabolism and urea synthesis in naturally aestivating Xenopus laevis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 22:59–68.
Ball, R.W. and D.L. Jameson. 1970. Biosystematics of the canyon tree frog, Hyla cadaverina Cope (= Hyla californiae Gorman). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 4th Series 37:363–380.
Ball, S.C. 1936. The distribution and behavior of the spadefoot toad in Connecticut. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 32:251–379.
Ball, S.C. 1937. Amphibians of Gaspe County, Quebec. Copeia 1937:230.
Ballinger, R.E. 1966. Natural hybridization of the toads Bufo woodhousei and Bufo speciosus. Copeia 1966:366–368.
Ballinger, R.E. and C.O. McKinney. 1966. Developmental temperature tolerance of certain anuran species. Journal of Experimental Zoology 161:21–28.
Baltar, A.C. 1983. Vertical stratification of some cliff dwelling plethodontid salamanders as related to competitive survival of the Mississippi population of Aneides aeneus. Master's thesis. University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Bancroft, G.T., J.S. Godley, D.T. Gross, N.N. Rojas, D.A. Sutphen and R.W. McDiarmid. 1983. Large-scale operations management test of use of the white amur for control of problem plants. The herpetofauna of Lake Conway: species accounts. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program, Miscellaneous Paper A-83-5, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Banks, B. and T.J.C. Beebee. 1986. A comparison of the fecundities of two species of toad (Bufo bufo and B. calamita) from different habitat types in Britain. Journal of Zoology, London Series A 208:325–337.
Banks, B. and T.J.C. Beebee. 1988. Reproductive success of natterjack toads Bufo calamita in two contrasting environments. Journal of Animal Ecology 57:475–492.
Banks, R.C. and P.F. Springer. 1994. A century of population trends of waterfowl in western North America. Pp. 143–146. In Jehl, J.R. and N.K. Johnson (Eds.), A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America: Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Centennial Meeting of the Cooper Ornithological Society. Studies in Avian Biology, Number 15, Cooper Ornithological Society, Los Angeles, California.
Banta, A.M. 1914. Sex recognition and the mating behavior of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Biological Bulletin 26:171–183.
Banta, A.M. and W.L. McAtee. 1906. The life history of the cave salamander, Spelerpes maculicaudus (Cope). Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 30(1443):67–83, plus 3 plates, Washington, D.C.
Banta, B.H. 1961. On the occurrence of Hyla regilla in the Lower Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada. Herpetologica 17:106–108.
Banta, B.H. 1965. A distributional checklist of the recent amphibians inhabiting the state of Nevada. Occasional Papers of the Biological Society of Nevada, Number 7, Reno, Nevada.
Banta, B.H. 1966. A six-legged anuran from California. Wasmann Journal of Biology 24:67–69.
Banta, B.H. and G. Carl. 1967. Death-feigning behavior in the eastern gray treefrog Hyla versicolor. Herpetologica 23:317–318.
Bantle, J.A., D.J. Fort and B.L. James. 1989. Identification of developmental toxicants using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Hydrobiology 188/189:577–585.
Barach, J.P. 1951. The value of the skin secretions of the spotted salamander. Herpetologica 7:58.
Barbour, J.G. 1973. The eastern hognose snake Heterodon platyrhinos near Kingston New York. Engelhardtia 6:11.
Barbour, R.W. 1950. A new subspecies of the salamander Desmognathus fuscus. Copeia 1950:277–278.
Barbour, R.W. 1953. The amphibians of Big Black Mountain, Harlan County, Kentucky. Copeia 1953:84–89.
Barbour, R.W. 1957. Observations on the mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona (Cope) in Kentucky. American Midland Naturalist 57:125–128.
Barbour, R.W. 1971. Amphibians and Reptiles of Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Barbour, R.W. and L.Y. Lancaster. 1946. Food habits of Desmognathus fuscus in Kentucky. Copeia 1946:48–49.
Barbour, R.W. and E.P. Walters. 1941. Notes on the breeding habits of Pseudacris brachyphona. Copeia 1941:116.
Barbour, R.W., J.W. Hardin, J.P. Shafer and M.J. Harvey. 1969. Home range, movements, and activity of the dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus. Copeia 1969:293–297.
Barbour, T. 1920. Herpetological notes from Florida. Copeia 84:55–57.
Barbour, T. 1941. Gastrophryne carolinensis in Kentucky. Copeia 1941:262.
Barbour, T. and C.T. Ramsden. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Memoirs of the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 47:71–213.
Barden, R.B. and J. Kezer. 1944. The eggs of certain plethodontid salamanders obtained by pituitary gland implantation. Copeia 1944:115–118.
Barica, J. and J.A. Mathias. 1979. Oxygen depletion and winterkill risk in small prairie lakes under extended ice cover. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 36:980–986.
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Barnes, D.H. 1826. An arrangement of the genera of batrachian animals, with a description of the more remarkable species, including a monograph of the doubtful reptiles. American Journal of Science 11:268–297.
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Barr, T.C. 1953. Notes on the occurrence of ranid frogs in caves. Copeia 1953:60–61.
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Barry, S. 1999. A study of the California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) of Butte County, California. PAR Environmental Services, Technical Report, Number 3, Sacramento, California.
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Bart, H.L., Jr. and R.W. Holzenthal. 1985. Feeding ecology of Necturus beyeri in Louisiana. Journal of Herpetology 19:402–410.
Bart, H.L., Jr., M.A. Bailey, R.E. Ashton Jr. and P.E. Moler. 1997. Taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the Upper Black Warrior River Waterdog. Journal of Herpetology 31:192–201.
Bart, J., M. Hofschen and B.G. Peterjohn. 1995. Reliability of the breeding bird survey: effects of restricting surveys to roads. Auk 112:758–761.
Barta, J.R. and S.S. Desser. 1984. Blood parasites of amphibians from Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Wildlife Disease 20:180–189.
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Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District. 1997. Alternative regional water supply plan for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer. Revised draft. Texas Water Development Board Grant Contract, Number 95-483-079, Austin, Texas.
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Beachy, C.K. and R.C. Bruce. 1992. Lunglessness in plethodontid salamanders is consistent with the hypothesis of a mountain stream origin: a response to Ruben and Boucot. American Naturalist 139:839–847.
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Beane, J.C. 1990. Life history notes: Rana palustris (pickerel frog). Predation. Herpetological Review 21:59.
Beane, J.C. 1998. Status of the river frog, Rana heckscheri (Anura: Ranidae), in North Carolina. Brimleyana 25:69–79.
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