hear Fonozoo call

Description
Incilius valliceps has well developed cranial crests that produce a deep concavity down the center of the head. A linear series of warts runs along each side of the body, bounded above by a light stripe and below by a dark band. A light mid-dorsal stripe is often visible. The throat of breeding males is yellow-green. Paratoids are relatively small and subtriangular to ellipsoid in shape (Porter 1970).

Distribution and Habitat

Country distribution from AmphibiaWeb's database: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua

	View distribution map in BerkeleyMapper.
	View Bd and Bsal data (17 records).

Found on both the Pacific and Atlantic drainages of Middle America from Bebedero and the Rio Frio through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This species does not occur on the Pacific coast of Mexico west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, nor on the Cental Plateau. It is widespread along the lowlands of the Gulf Coast from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to Louisiana, and as far north as Calion, Arkansas. Though it is most common in lowlands, it can be found at elevations up to 1800m in moist environments (Porter 1970).

In 2024, I. valliceps was confirmed in Refugio Bartola in the Departamento Rio San Juan, Nicaragua. It can be found in both wet and dry forest from sea level to 2000 m (Martínez-Fonseca et al. 2024).

Comments

A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio).

References

Martínez-Fonseca, J. G., Holmes, I. A., Sunyer, J., Westeen, E. P., Grundler, M. R., Cerda, P. A., Fernández-Mena, M. A., Loza-Molina, J. C., Monagan, I. V. Jr., Nondorf, D., Pandelis, G. G., Rabosky, A. R. D. (2023). "A collection and analysis of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua with new country and departmental records." Check List , 20(1), 58-125. [link]

Porter, K. R. (1970). ''Bufo valliceps.'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 94.1-94.4.

Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2025 Incilius valliceps: Southern Gulf Coast Toad <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/305> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed May 28, 2025.

Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2025. <https://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 28 May 2025.

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