Description
Diagnosis: Andinobates fulguritus is similar to members of what was once the A. minutus group, but can be distinguished from A. altobueyensis, and A. steyermarki in having stripes. A. fulguritus can further be distinguished from A. altobueyensis in lacking a well-developed tarsal turbercle and lacking red color. A. fulguritus can further be distinguished from A. steyermarki, which has a smooth belly, in having a moderately granular belly. A. fulguritus can be distinguished from A. quinquevittatus in lacking reticulation. A. fulguritus most closely resembles A. minutus and is differentiated by an incomplete light median stripe on the anterior portion of the dorsum. The abdomen is predominantly light in preservative, whereas the abdomen in A. minutus is dark (Silverstone 1975).

Description: The snout-vent length for adults is 13.5 mm to 16.5 mm (Silverstone 1975; Jungfer et al. 1996). The dorsum is slightly granulated and the venter is moderately granulated, except for the palms and soles. A. fulguritus lacks teeth. It has a subtruncate snout tip from the dorsal aspect. This snout tip is rounded in lateral aspect. It has a rounded canthus rostralis. The loreal region is vertical. The tympanum is round; its diameter is smaller than the eye by half the eye’s diameter. An omosternum is present. There is no webbing or fringes on the toes. It lacks a tarsal tubercle (Silverstone 1975).

Coloration: The ground color of the dorsum is gold, yellow, or yellow-green. It has complete dorsolateral and incomplete black lateral stripes. Its flanks are black. Ventral surfaces are yellow. The abdomen is gold or yellow with black marbling or spots. There are two black spots on either side of the throat and a median black throat spot that, in some frogs, join together. The anterior of the dorsum has an incomplete median stripe. The iris is black (Silverstone 1975).

Coloration in Preservation: In preservative, gold, yellow, and yellow-green coloration fade to gray and the abdomen is predominantly light (Silverstone 1975).

Tadpole morphology: Tadpoles have a laterally indented oral disk (Silverstone 1975).

Variation: Individuals vary slightly in their incomplete median stripes and dorsolateral stripe pattern. The throat patterns may also slightly vary as well as the ventral patterns, which may be marbled or spotted (Silverstone 1975).

Distribution and Habitat

Country distribution from AmphibiaWeb's database: Colombia, Panama

View distribution map in BerkeleyMapper.

A. fulguritus inhabits humid tropical forests and can not tolerate degraded forests. It is found in Central and South America. Populations are native to both Colombia and Panama and are found in the lowland forests of the Chocoan region of Colombia, in the Atrato and San Juan drainages, west of the Andes, and Panama. Populations exist at elevations of 160 to 800 m (Silverstone 1975; Solís et al. 2004).

Tadpoles were found in the leaf axils of bromeliads (Silverstone 1975).

Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
A. fulguritus inhabits leaf litter (Jungfer et al. 1996). In nature they have been found to consume Hymenoptera and Acarina (Silverstone 1975).

Eggs are carried from the deposition site on the forest floor to bromeliads for development (Solís et al. 2004).

Calls consist of irregularly repeated soft buzzing notes of a mean duration of 0.529 s and 146.8 pulses per second. Males start calling at the age of 6 months (Jungfer et al. 1996).

During mating, a male guides a female to a site, deposits sperm, and leaves. Then the female lays 1 to 5 eggs. No amplexus occurs between the male and female. Parental care is continued by the male who visits the clutch irregularly and transports the larvae singly or in small groups to different water bodies. After that, larvae are left on their own. Females start depositing clutches after 9 months (Jungfer et al. 1996).

Trends and Threats
A. fulguritus is threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation, as a result of agricultural development, illegal crops, logging, and human settlement. Pollution from the spraying of illegal crops also threatens populations (Solís et al. 2004).

Populations do exist within protected areas such as Parque Nacional Chagres (Chagres National Park) and Area de Manejo Especial Nusagandi in Panama, and in several other protected areas in Colombia (Solís et al. 2004).

Possible reasons for amphibian decline

General habitat alteration and loss
Habitat modification from deforestation, or logging related activities
Intensified agriculture or grazing
Local pesticides, fertilizers, and pollutants

Comments
A. fulguritus was placed under the group minutus by Silverstone (1975) along with A. altobueyensis, A. minutus, A. opisthomelas, Hyperolius quinquevittatus, and A. steyermarki. It was then placed in the genus Minyobates, which is equivalent to the minutus group after removal of several species assigned to the quinquevittatus species group by Myers (1982) and with the addition of species subsequently described by Myers and Daly Myers et al (1987). It is also listed as Ranitomeya fulgurita (Grant et al. 2006).

The name fulguritus comes from the Latin word for “struck by lightning” (Silverstone 1975).

In captivity, A. fulguritus does well at temperatures of 20 to 27 ºC. Captive individuals can be fed Drosophila melanogaster and collembolas (Jungfer et al. 1996).

References

Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Wilmar Bolívar (2004). Ranitomeya fulgurita. In: IUCN 2011. 2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 03 April 2012.

Grant, T., Frost, D. R., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, D. B., Noonan, B. P., Schargel, W. E., and Wheeler, W. C. (2006). ''Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae).'' Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, (299), 1-262.

Jungfer, K.-H. Birkhahn, H., Külpmann, V., and Wassmann, K. (1996). ''Haltung und Fortpflanzung von Dendrobates fulguritus Silverstone, 1975, mit Anmerkungen zur Gattung Minyobates Myers, 1987.'' Herpetofauna, 194, 19-27.

Myers, C. (1987). ''New generic names for some neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae).'' Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 36(25), 301-306.

Silverstone, P. A. (1975). ''A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Dendrobates Wagler.'' Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Scientific Bulletin, 21, 1-55.

Species Account Citation: AmphibiaWeb 2012 Andinobates fulguritus: Yellow-bellied Poison Frog <https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1690> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed Dec 24, 2024.

Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2024. <https://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 24 Dec 2024.

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