The following literature references are from Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, edited by Michael Lannoo (©2005 by the Regents of the University of California), used with permission of University of California Press. The book is available from UC Press.

Haber, V.R. 1926. The food of the Carolina tree frog, Hyla cinerea Schneider. Journal of Comparative Psychology 6:214–216.
Haddad, C.F.B. and J.P. Pombal Jr. 1998. Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes. Journal of Herpetology 32:557–565.
Hadfield, S. 1966. Observations on body temperature and activity in the toad Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Copeia 1966:581–582.
Hadorn, E. 1961. Developmental Genetics and Lethal Factors. Methuen and Company, Limited, London, England.
Haertel, J.D. and R.M. Storm. 1970. Experimental hybridization between Rana pretiosa and Rana cascadae. Herpetologica 26:436–446.
Hager, H.A. 1998. Area-sensitivity of reptiles and amphibians: are there indicator species for habitat fragmentation? Ecoscience 5:139–147.
Hahn, D.E. 1960. Collecting notes on central Korean reptiles and amphibians. Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society 2:16–24.
Haig, S.M., D.W. Mehlman and L.W. Oring. 1998. Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation. Conservation Biology 12:749–758.
Hairston, N.G. 1949. The local distribution and ecology of the plethodontid salamanders of the southern Appalachians. Ecological Monographs 19:47–73.
Hairston, N.G. 1950. Intergradation in Appalachian salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Copeia 1950:262–273.
Hairston, N.G. 1951. Interspecific competition and its probable influence upon the vertical distribution of Appalachian salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Ecology 32:266–274.
Hairston, N.G. 1973. Ecology, selection and systematics. Breviora 414:1–21.
Hairston, N.G. 1980a. Species packing in the salamander genus Desmognathus: what are the interspecific interactions involved? American Naturalist 115:354–366.
Hairston, N.G. 1980b. The experimental test of an analysis of field distributions: competition in terrestrial salamanders. Ecology 61:817–826.
Hairston, N.G. 1980c. Evolution under interspecific competition: field experiments on terrestrial salamanders. Evolution 34:409–420.
Hairston, N.G. 1981. An experimental test of a guild: salamander competition. Ecology 62:65–72.
Hairston, N.G. 1983. Growth, survival and reproduction of Plethodon jordani: trade offs between selective pressures. Copeia 1983:1024–1035.
Hairston, N.G. 1996. Predation and competition in salamander communities. Pp. 161–189 In Cody, M.L. and J.A. Smallwood (Eds.), Long-term Studies of Vertebrate Communities. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Hairston, N.G., Sr. 1983. Growth, survival and reproduction of Plethodon jordani: trade‑offs between selective pressures. Copeia 1983:1024–1035.
Hairston, N.G., Sr. 1986. Species packing in Desmognathus salamanders: experimental demonstration of predation and competition. American Naturalist 127:266–291.
Hairston, N.G., Sr. 1987. Community Ecology and Salamander Guilds. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Hairston, N.G. and C.H. Pope. 1948. Geographic variation and speciation in Appalachian salamanders (Plethodon jordani group). Evolution 2:266–278.
Hairston, N.G., Sr. and R.H. Wiley. 1993. No decline in salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) populations: a twenty-year study in the southern Appalachians. Brimleyana 18:59–64.
Hairston, N.G., Sr., R.H. Wiley, C.K. Smith and K.A. Kneidel. 1992. The dynamics of two hybrid zones in Appalachian salamanders of the genus Plethodon. Evolution 46:930–938.
Hale, S.F. 2001. The status of the Tarahumara frog in Sonora, Mexico, based on a resurvey of selected localities and search for additional populations. Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona.
Hale, S.F. and J.L. Jarchow. 1988. The status of the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in the United States and Mexico: Part II. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, and the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hale, S.F. and C.J. May. 1983. Status report for Rana tarahumarae Boulenger. Report to the Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hale, S.F., F. Retes and T.R. Van Devender. 1977. New populations of Rana tarahumarae (Tarahumara frog) in Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 11:134–135.
Hale, S.F., G.M. Ferguson, P.A. Holm and E.B. Wirt. 1998. Re‑survey of selected Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumara) localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, in May 1998. Report to the Arizona Zoological Society and the Tarahumara Frog Conservation Team, Phoenix, Arizona.
Hale, S.F., C.R. Schwalbe, J.L. Jarchow, C.J. May, C.H. Lowe and T.B. Johnson. 1995. Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog. Pp. 138–140. In LaRoe, E.T., G.S. Farris, C.E. Puckett, P.D. Doran and M.J. Mac (Eds.), Our Living Resources. A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C.
Hale, S.M. and C. Guyer. 2000. Effects of temperature and depth on burrows of the Red Hills salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti). Herpetological Natural History 7:87–90.
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Hall, H.H. and H.M. Smith. 1947. Selected records of reptiles and amphibians from southeastern Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 49:447–454.
Hall, J.A. 1993. Post-embryonic ontogeny and larval behavior of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae). Ph.D. dissertation. Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
Hall, J.A. 1998. Scaphiopus intermontanus. Pp. 650.1–650.17. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
Hall, J.A. and J.H. Larsen Jr. 1998. Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): Skeletal morphology. Journal of Morphology 238:179–244.
Hall, J.A., J.H. Larsen Jr. and R.E. Fitzner. 1997. Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): external morphology. Herpetological Monographs 11:124–178.
Hall, J.A., J.H. Larsen Jr. and R.E. Fitzner. 2002. Morphology of the prometamorphic larva of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae), with an emphasis on the lateral line system and mouthparts. Journal of Morphology 252:114–130.
Hall, J.D., M.L. Murphy and R.S. Aho. 1978. An improved design for assessing impacts of watershed practices on small streams. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 20:1359–1365.
Hall, R.J. 1976. Summer foods of the salamander, Plethodon wehrlei (Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae). Journal of Herpetology 10:129–131.
Hall, R.J. 1977. A population analysis of two species of streamside salamanders, genus Desmognathus. Herpetologica 33:109–113.
Hall, R.J. 1994. Herpetofaunal diversity of the Four Holes Swamp, South Carolina. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey, Resource Publication 198, Washington, D.C.
Hall, R.J. and P.F.P. Henry. 1992. Assessing the effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs. Herpetological Journal 2:65–71.
Hall, R.J. and E. Kolbe. 1980. Bioconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 6:853–860.
Hall, R.J. and D.P. Stafford. 1972. Studies in the life history of Wehrle’s salamander, Plethodon wehrlei. Herpetologica 28:300–309.
Hall, R.J. and D.M. Swineford. 1979. Uptake of methoxychlor from food and water by the American toad (Bufo americanus). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23:335–337.
Hall, R.J. and D.M. Swineford. 1981. Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of 7 species of amphibians. Toxicology Letters 8:331–336.
Hall, R.J., R.E. Ashton Jr. and R.M. Prouty. 1985. Pesticide and PCB residues in the Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi. Brimleyana 10:107–109.
Halliday, T. 2000. Do frogs make good canaries? Biologist 47:143–146.
Halliday, T.R. and W.R. Heyer. 1997. The case of the vanishing frogs. Technology Review 100:53–63.
Halliday, T.R. and P.A. Verrell 1988. Body size and age in amphibians and reptiles. Journal of Herpetology 22:253–265.
Hallowell, E. 1849. Description of a new species of salamander from upper California. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:126.
Hallowell, E. 1852. On new genus and three new species of reptiles inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:206–209.
Hallowell, E. 1856 (1857). Notice of a collection of reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Dr. Hammond. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:238–253.
Hallowell, E. 1856. Descriptions of two new species of urodeles from Georgia. Proceedings of the Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:130–131.
Hallowell, E. 1858. On the caducibranchiate urodele batrachians. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 3:337–366.
Hallowell, E. 1860. Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U.S.N. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences 12:480–510.
Halls, L.K. 1955. Grass production under dense longleaf-slash pine canopies. Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Resarch notes, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina.
Hamilton, A.L. 1973. Some taxonomic aspects of certain paedogenetic Eurycea of the Blanco River Drainage System in Hays and Blanco Counties, Texas. Master's thesis. Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas.
Hamilton, G.B., C.R. Peterson and W.A. Wall. 1998. Distribution and habitat relationships of amphibians on the Potlatch Corporation operating area in northern Idaho. Potlatch Corporation, Unpublished report, Lewiston, Idaho.
Hamilton, I.M., J.L. Skilnick, H. Troughton, A.P. Russell and G.L. Powell. 1998. Status of the Canadian toad (Bufo hemiophrys) in Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, and the Alberta Conservation Association, Wildlife Status Report, Number 12, Edmonton, Alberta.
Hamilton, R. 1948. The egg-laying process in the tiger salamander. Copeia 1948:212–213.
Hamilton, S.D. 1995. Biological opinion for proposed action to expand the Lost Pines Golf Course in Bastrop State Park, located in Bastrop County, Texas. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin, Texas.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1932. The food and feeding habits of some eastern salamanders. Copeia 1932:83–86.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1934. The rate of growth of the toad (Bufo americanus americanus Holbrook) under natural conditions. Copeia 1934:88–90.
Hamilton, W.J. 1940. The feeding habit of larval newts with reference to availability and predilection of food items. Ecology 21:351–356.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1943. Winter habits of the dusky salamander, in central New York. Copeia 1943:192.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1946. Summer habitat of the yellow-barred tiger salamander. Copeia 1946:51.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1948. The food and feeding behavior of the green frog, Rana clamitans Latreille, in New York state. Copeia 1948:203–207.
Hamilton, W.J., Jr. 1950. Notes on the food of the congo eel, Amphiuma. Natural History Miscellanea, Number 62, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Illinois.
Hamilton, W.J. 1951. The food and feeding of the garter snake in New York State. American Midland Naturalist 46:385–390.
Hamilton, W.J. 1954. The economic status of the toad. Herpetologica 10:37–40.
Hamilton, W.J. 1955. Notes on the ecology of the oak toad in Florida. Herpetologica 11:205–210.
Hamilton, W.J. and J.A. Pollack. 1955. The food of some crotalid snakes from Fort Benning, Georgia. Natural History Miscellanea, Number 140, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Illinois.
Hamilton, W.J. and J.A. Pollack. 1956. The food of some colubrid snakes from Fort Benning, Georgia. Ecology 37:519–526.
Hammen, C.S. and V.H. Hutchison. 1962. Carbon dioxide assimilation in the symbiosis of the salamander, Ambystoma maculatum and the alga Oophila amblystomatis. Life Sciences 10:527–532.
Hammerson, G.A. 1980. Geographic distribution: Gastrophryne olivacea (Great Plains narrowmouth toad). Herpetological Review 11:13–14.
Hammerson, G.A. 1982a. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife Publication, DOW-M-I-27-82, Denver, Colorado.
Hammerson, G.A. 1982b. Bullfrog eliminating leopard frogs in Colorado? Herpetological Review 13:115–116.
Hammerson, G.A. 1986. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado.
Hammerson, G.A. 1992. Field surveys of amphibians in the mountains of Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Unpublished report, Denver, Colorado.
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Hammett, J.E. 1992. The shapes of adaptation: historical ecology of anthropogenic landscapes in the Southeastern United States. Landscape Ecology 7:121–135.
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Hanlin, H.G. 1978. Food habits of the greater siren, Siren lacertina, in an Alabama coastal plain pond. Copeia 1978:358–360.
Hanlin, H.G., J.J. Beatty and S.W. Hanlin. 1979. A nest site of the western red-backed salamander Plethodon vehiculum (Cooper). Journal of Herpetology 13:214–215.
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Hansen, K.L. 1957. Movements, area of activity, and growth of Rana heckscheri. Copeia 1957:274–277.
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