AmphibiaWeb - Incilius valliceps
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(Translations may not be accurate.)

Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833)
Southern Gulf Coast Toad, Gulf Coast Toad
family: Bufonidae
genus: Incilius

© 2012 Dr. Peter Janzen (1 of 19)

  hear Fonozoo call

Conservation Status (definitions)
IUCN Red List Status Account Least Concern (LC)
CITES No CITES Listing
National Status None
Regional Status None
Access Conservation Needs Assessment Report .

   

 

View distribution map in BerkeleyMapper.
View Bd and Bsal data (17 records).

bookcover The following account is modified from Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, edited by Michael Lannoo (©2005 by the Regents of the University of California), used with permission of University of California Press. The book is available from UC Press.

Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833
            Gulf Coast Toad

Joseph R. Mendelson III1

            I follow Mulcahy and Mendelson (2000) in recognizing Coastal-Plain toads (Bufo nebulifer) as a species distinct from Gulf Coast toads (Bufo valliceps).  This study was based on an analysis of mtDNA sequences and corroborated comments by Mendelson (1998) that showed the northern and southern populations of the widespread taxon Bufo valliceps were likely not conspecific.  The taxon Bufo nebulifer was proposed by Girard (1854) as a replacement name for the preoccupied taxon Bufo granulosus Baird and Girard, 1852a, type locality: “between Indianola and San Antonio, Texas.”  Mulcahy and Mendelson (2000) resurrected the taxon B. nebulifer  from the synonymy of B. valliceps Wiegmann, 1833, and applied it to populations generally north of the coastal village of Palma Sola, Veracruz, Mexico.  Further discussions of variation in B. valliceps with respect to B. nebulifer appear in Mendelson (1998) and McCranie and Köhler (2000).  Note that the vast majority of literature regarding B. valliceps—especially that relevant to natural history and behavior—actually considers northerly populations now referred to as Coastal-Plain toads (B. nebulifer).

Family Bufonidae

            Bufo velatus Bragg and Sanders, 1951
            East Texas Toad

            Editor's note: Following Crother et al. (2000), we do not cover East Texas toads (Bufo velatus) as a separate species.  However, there is controversy here.  The arguments for considering these animals as distinct are presented by Dixon (2000) and are as follows.

            "The name associated with this taxon has caused controversy since 1952.  Conant [1958a] and Conant and Collins [1991, 1998] refuse to recognize the species velatus, believing it to be of hybrid origin.  Sanders [1953, 1978, 1986, 1987] considers it a valid species."

            Dixon (2000) continues: "Bufo velatus does not represent a[n] intergrade population between [Woodhouse's toads] B. w. woodhousii and [Fowler's toads] B. f. fowleri.  According to Conant and Collins [1998], B. w. fowleri has a 'virtually unspotted chest and belly,' three or more warts in each of the largest dorsal dark spots, no greatly enlarged warts of the tibia, and a parotoid gland that reaches the cranial ridge behind the eye.  According to Bragg and Sanders [1951], the chest and occasionally the belly of B. velatus is highly spotted, the dorsum is darker, and the call is somewhat different.  This toad is also considerably smaller in snout-urostyle length than typical B. w. woodhousii, but closer to the size of B. w. fowleri." 

            Dixon (2000) concludes: "I will follow Sanders [1986] until genetic and call differentiation studies are completed for this toad." 

            Those interested in the biology of "Bufo velatus" are referred to Bragg and Sanders (1951) and Sanders (1953, 1978, 1986, 1987).

1Joseph R. Mendelson III
Department of Biology
Utah State University
Logan, Utah 84322-5305
sapo@biology.usu.edu



Literature references for Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species, edited by Michael Lannoo, are here.

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Citation: AmphibiaWeb. 2024. <https://amphibiaweb.org> University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 29 Mar 2024.

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